User:Sophiafron99/New sandbox

Background


In biomedical research conducted in the U.S., the 2000 US census definition of race is often applied. This grouping recognizes five races: black or African American, White (European American), Asian, native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska native. However, this definition is inconsistently applied across the range of studies that address race as a medical factor, making assessment of the utility of racial categorization in medicine more difficult. Bias stems from racism, creating stress on the race that is discriminated against, leading to issues with bodily and mental health. copied from How do race and racism affect health? Repeated stress overtime on one’s body can lead to health problems such as “depression, anxiety, insomnia, heart disease, skin rashes, and gastrointestinal problems,” which are also more likely to develop in children. copied from Examining the Link Between Racism and Health Racism has many detrimental effects on the health of Americans across the entire country, arising mainly from limited access to healthcare, mental health resources, and support. There are a wide range of patterns of health disparities that are caused by different levels of income across ethnic groups. copied from How do race and racism affect health? Anthony Ong, a professor at Cornell University’s College of Human Ecology conveyed that this regular treatment of discrimination and backlash can have detrimental effects to a person’s self-esteem and can take opportunities of individuals. It can also cause individuals from being able to receive a full nights sleep. copied from Examining the Link Between Racism and Health

Mental Health
Stress can be derived from many individualistic factors or experiences, and itself has multiple effects on health and is associated with chronic diseases. Stress that is derived from racism has specific contextual factors, which adds a daily stress to African-Americans and demographic groups that are discriminated against. These demographic groups do not often realize that these stressors may be contributing to their mental health. copied from Physiological & Psychological Impact of Racism and Discrimination for African-Americans Groups of people are also effected in ways that may not be outward acts of racism by another person, but through education, economics, the justice system, and largely through law enforcement. It is also possible that people who hold racist ideals have mental health problems as well, such as self-centeredness, inability to empathize, paranoia over groups of people they are discriminating against. Individuals can develop complexes about ethnic groups and races, automatically displaying emotions without learning about the people themselves, and will cut off all friendliness. copied from After Charlottesville: Is Racism a Mental Illness?

Women and Infants
African American women are three to four times more likely to die in childbirth than white women, while their babies are twice as likely to die than white babies, even when controlled for many factors such as education, income, and health. “White racism” is the highest cause of unrest in communities, pushing them further apart, and causing more black women and infants to die because of it. copied from Racism in education has increased significantly over the past century, however this does not help increases in income for blacks, and increased incomes don’t provide better health opportunities, especially for mothers and infants. copied from Racism: The Evergreen Toxin Killing Black Mothers and Infants Higher education and income levels for black mothers does not effect this mortality rate. There are also higher chances that a complication will occur during birth. The ‘toxin’ of these rates is racism, which has created a toxic environment for minority groups to live in with multiple stressors that effect health. copied from Racism: The Evergreen Toxin Killing Black Mothers and Infants