User:Sophielina16/sandbox

General assumptions people make when they hear people use this Higher-intonation. a) This tone is usually spoken by "middle-class, caucasian females"   b) Women tend to start using uptalk speech when they are surrounded by their other classmates (i.e. in middle school and high school).

Research that has been done:

- Researchers and authors, such as Amanda Ritchart, haga analyzed 23-year old college age people of many socioeconomic backgrounds and ethnicities (specially in the Southern California region). - From research that has been done, “Women used uptalk more frequently than men did. Their pitch rose higher overall, and the rise began much later in the phrase” (National Geographic). - For men, the high rise of intonation usually “plateaud” at certain points, especially in situations where they don’t want to be interrupted.

Modern examples of "Valleyspeak" (uptalk or high intonation):

"As if" - lit. used to express any disbelief.

"Seriously" used in sentences like, "Seriously dude!" The word "seriously" is used a frequent interjection of approval in a conversation

"The discourse marker, "like" is used to introduce quoted speech. For example, a person can start a conversation with stating, "(1)“So, I’m like, ‘”Where did he go?’ and she’s like ‘I don’t know, I haven’t seen him.’ (https://www.academia.edu/8799381/_Valley_girl_-_A_dialect_its_stereotypes_and_the_reality_) or "I was like, totally surprised that (he/she) actually showed up to the party."

Valley Speak and the "Vocal Fry" vocal speech pattern.

"Vocal Fry" usually spoken by young adult women in the United States who speak American English. This speech pattern can be characterized by "low, creaky vibrations" (aka a "guttural vibration"). Researchers have studied two qualities of this speech pattern, such as the jitter (variation in pitch) and shimmer (variation in volume).

WHY use this speech fad? and why is it considered to be a form of "lesser speech?"

a) Researchers think that young girls, both high school and college students use this speech fad to feel "welcomed" socially in a friend group (a social link).

b) To gain attention from an entire room, signaling for the person to speak

What mannerisms come with Uptalk, Valleyspeak and Vocal Fry?

a) "nasal" sound

b) similar sound to a "duck quack"

c) run-on sentences in a fast pace

d) breathiness

e) sentences that sound like they end in questions

When women tend to speak with these mannerisms, they are perceived as not competent enough, not hirable enough, not as trustworthy or even less educated (i.e. see Kim Kardashian, Britney Spears).

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jul/24/vocal-fry-strong-female-voice

Sources used: Language Dossier[1], "American Slang: Valspeak." "American Slang: Valspeak". Language Dossier. Retrieved 2019-02-01.

https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/34011964/53a7a359_58e65e187f9f78fc923ad9e5226199f3a7d51a5c_epa13_1_.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1550727588&Signature=Ozk42QzqbhsJD2uroNHDplmuEDs%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DOn_conjuring_the_pea-and-thimble_trick_D.pdf#page=15

Good start on evaluating -- have you started evaluating resources to add to the article? -- Shannon