User:SounderBruce/Sandbox/Buildings

=Snohomish County Courthouse=

The Snohomish County Courthouse is a historic building and courthouse in Everett, Washington, the county seat of Snohomish County.

History
From 1861 to 1896, the county seat and county government of Snohomish County was based in the city of Snohomish. An election was held on November 6, 1894, to decide whether to move the county seat to Everett, a growing city with better sea and road access.

The courthouse in Snohomish, which had been built in 1891 for $24,000, was converted into a home for the Puget Sound Academy and later the Snohomish High School. The two-store structure was demolished in 1938 after it was condemned as unsafe by federal officials.


 * County seat moved from Snohomish to Everett in 1896, amid controversy
 * July 1895: Appeal reaches Supreme Court, regarding canvassing board not accepting votes; Snohomish declares its victory
 * December 1896: Superior Court decision validates outcome of election and moves county seat
 * January 1897: Records moved to a "party like atmosphere" in Everett


 * First courthouse
 * Built in French Chateau style of un-reinforced masonry
 * Opened on February 1, 1898
 * Land donated by Everett Land Company (Block 716)
 * 1908: 2-story brick annex on north end added
 * 1909-08-02: Fire destroys wooden roof of courthouse


 * Current courthouse
 * Built on foundations of old courthouse, design from same architect (Heide)
 * Opened January 1911
 * NRHP listed in 1975 after nomination by State Advisory Council on Historic Preservation


 * Renovations and additions
 * 1952: County clerk office on east side and offices on south side (Pacific), destroying two walls
 * 1967: Addition of five-story, 10-courtroom building on Wall Street (third wall destroyed, last remaining at plaza)
 * 2000: $130 million renovation or demolition proposed
 * 2007: Dome repaired at cost of $360,000 with state grant


 * Replacement
 * 2008 study estimates cost of new courthouse at $169 million
 * 2012: County Council votes to renovate courthouse for $68 million
 * 2013-11-25: County Council approves $150 million proposal to build new 8-story courthouse on nearby parking lot at Wall & Oakes to open in 2016/2017
 * Design: 8 stories, 253,000 sqft, primarily steel structure, three levels of segregated circulation, designed by Heery International (replaced ZGF)
 * On hold since 2015 over cost, location and parking displacement
 * Key issue in 2015 executive election
 * 2016-06: County Council votes to renovate 1967 building for $63 million instead of build replacement
 * 2018-03: Demolition begins
 * June 2021: Construction complete; ribbon-cutting on July 8

Architecture

 * Mission Style
 * Similar to Great Northern railroad station at Bond Street (built 1910)
 * Stucco exterior on top of reinforced concrete
 * Clock tower
 * Roof tiles
 * Additions: Brutalist annex (1967, 6-story 116,000 sqft)

Features

 * Front plaza and stairway

Buildings
The headquarters campus, codenamed "Rufus 2.0", was designed by Seattle-based architectural firm NBBJ and consists of five buildings. The campus is a triangular area of Denny Triangle, bounded to the north by Denny Way, to the east by Westlake Avenue, and to the south by 6th Avenue; the area is located north of Downtown Seattle's office and retail core, and south of Amazon's other offices in South Lake Union.


 * 33 buildings as of 2017
 * Named Rufus 2.0 after office dog Rufus
 * Designed by NBBJ and built by Sellen Construction
 * Heated with district heating from Westin Building data centers
 * On track for LEED Gold certification.


 * Statistics
 * 3.3 million square feet of office space
 * 66,000 square feet of retail
 * 3,300 underground parking stalls
 * 1.7 acres of public open space (plazas and pocket parks)
 * 40,000 employees and 7,000 dogs


 * Older campus
 * 8.1 million square feet
 * Building name origins

Doppler
Tower I, officially named Doppler, opened on December 14, 2015. Built on Block 14 from 2013 to 2015, it consists of a 36-story, 524 ft skyscraper and a 5-story conference center with a large amphitheater and stage.


 * Ground-level retail: Starbucks, Potbelly, Marination, Skillet, Great State Burgers, Bar Noroeste
 * Former site of Sixth Avenue Inn

Day One

 * Former site of King Kat Theater
 * 3 glass domes with 5 stories of workspace
 * Construction: 2014 to 2016 (planned), topped-out in December 2015

Tower III (Block 20)

 * Amazon Prime Now distribution center, formerly Toyota of Seattle
 * Approved in January 2016 with street vacation, public free-speech zone in courtyard
 * Broke ground in late 2016

Tower IV (Block 21)

 * Proposed 24-story building with 7-story attached structure
 * Former site of the Hurricane Cafe, closed in January 2015
 * Purchased for $52.2 million from Clise Properties in January 2014

Tower V (Block 18)

 * 17-story office building on half-block Days Inn and Pronto site at 7th & Bell, land bought in December 2016
 * On hold since May 2018 (head tax decision)

History

 * Amazon background
 * Originally headquartered at Union Station complex, Pacific Tower on Beacon Hill, SLU (2010)


 * Timeline
 * Clise land in Denny Triangle put on sale in 2007 and proposes $7 billion redevelopment by Emaar Properties; put on hold in 2008
 * Groundbreaking for Amazon in rest of SLU on April 20, 2009
 * Attended by Governor Gregoire, Mayor Nickels; no top executives, including Bezos
 * Announced in February 2012
 * Project valued at $600 million
 * Design unveiled in March 2012: three major office buildings sharing blocks with smaller buildings for other use (auditorium)
 * Approved in November 2012 by DPD
 * December 2012: 3 blocks purchased from Clise Properties for $207.5 million
 * Coverage in The Guardian and NYT
 * Construction begins on Tower I in 2013


 * COVID pandemic
 * Closed in early March 2020
 * Announced reopening in June 2021 but was later changed to work from home permanently
 * May 2023: Mandate to return for at least 3 days a week


 * HQ2
 * Announced in September 2017
 * Fears of slowed development in Seattle

Transportation

 * Streetcar terminus
 * 4th streetcar funded
 * 7th Street protected bike lane (funded by Amazon)
 * Westlake light rail and monorail

Reception

 * Gentrification, traffic, demographic changes

Design
The Lake Union Steam Plant, located between Eastlake and Fairview avenues on the eastern shore of Lake Union, is composed of three major elements: a hydroelectric generating plant, the Auxiliary Steam Plant, and the historic Power House.


 * Resources
 * Landmark Designation
 * PCAD
 * WA Life Science

History

 * 1912: Lake Union Auxiliary Plant built in Mission style, producing 1,500 kilowatts from Volunteer Park reservoir overflow
 * 1914: Expansion begins
 * 1918: Plant completed
 * 1938: Regular use ends, replaced with Gorge Creek Dam in Skagit County and only fired sparingly during power shortages
 * 1980: Last firing of the plant, during cold weather that brought record power usage
 * City Light cited for smoke rolling from plant stacks
 * 1984-04: Plant closes as part of City Light cleanup after 20 gallons of oil spilled; plant boiler stored more than 811,000 gallons of PCB-contaminated oil
 * 1986: City Light pays $4.35 million to remove PCB oil from plant
 * 1987: Plant decommissioned
 * Re-uses proposed: maritime museum, public agencies, community center, self-service storage, performance arts, swimming pool, recycling center
 * 1988-03-08: Landmarks Board approves designation
 * 1988: Smokestacks reduced in height, at a cost of $25,000
 * 1990: Cleanup plan approved
 * 1991: Smokestacks removed


 * Renovation and preservation
 * 1990: Koll Co. condominium proposal approved, later cancelled after financial problems and switch to offices
 * 1993: ZymoGenetics buys building for $1.6 million, transfer of Koll rights approved by city council
 * 1993: ZymoGenetics begins $25 million renovation of plant
 * Designed by Dale & Associates and NBBJ; awarded at AIA Seattle Honor Awards in December 1994
 * 1994-05: Smokestacks allowed to be re-built at site, despite local opposition
 * Smokestacks: only 4 of 6 are functional, all non-original
 * 1994-06: ZymoGenetics moves offices from U District to plant
 * 1994-09-08: New headquarters rededicated
 * New features: 107,000 sq ft of office space, new smokestacks, restored terra cotta panels, public deli in Hydro House, 350-ft public dock


 * 2010: ZymoGenetics acquired by Bristol-Myers Squibb, announces it will tentatively stay at site
 * 2016: ZymoGenetics/Bristol-Myers Squibb announces that it would not renew lease in 2019, moving out of plant by then
 * 2018: Fred Hutch announces lease of office space in steam plant beginning in late 2019

History

 * Named for City Light superintendent Eugene R. Hoffman (died 1976)
 * Originally Viewland Receiving Substation Project
 * 1976: $3,000 to $4,500 approved for art

Design and artwork

 * Artists: Andy Keating (painter), Buster Simpson (conceptualist, sculptor), Sherry Markovitz (printmaker)
 * Contributing artists: Emil and Veva Gehrke of N. Grand Coulee (windmills): "Whirligigs"
 * 27 works purchased for $2,016 in 1976
 * Other works (kinetic folk art) in North Dam Park, Grand Coulee
 * Architects: Richard Hobbs (Hobbs/Fukui), David Rutherford
 * "First design team artist project in the country"
 * Seattle Arts Commission formed the team


 * Reception
 * 1977 AIA Merit Award
 * Criticized for being playful in a danger zone, artist protest at design-team concept
 * "Hailed nationally"


 * Resources
 * HistoryLink (Simpson)
 * Times, 1977
 * Barbara Loeb (1988)
 * Dialogues in Public Art
 * Professionals Practice of Landscape Architecture

History

 * Largest center on Eastside prior to 1990: Red Lion Inn, Bellevue
 * Attracted Seattle business prior to state convention center's construction
 * 1981 dispute with Seattle over hotel-motel tax
 * 1970s: Bellevue purchases site north of city hall for convention center
 * 1982: Plan to build convention center put on hold due to lack of backing from hotels
 * 1987: Hotels revive convention center plan
 * 1988: Planning
 * 1989: State legislature approves, architect chosen
 * 1990: "Meydenbauer Center" chosen to honor William Meydenbauer, avoid confusion with Bellevue Hospital (in NYC)
 * One-third the size of Seattle's facility, to be funded with city-backed bonds repaid with hotel-motel taxes
 * Construction begins in 1991
 * Opens on September 13, 1993
 * 36,000 sq ft exhibition hall and 410-seat theater
 * $29 million
 * October 15: Theatre opens, at a cost of $7 million
 * 1997: Bellevue approves preliminary plans for $35 million expansion with 500-room luxury hotel and office building
 * 1999: Co-development with Ritz-Carlton and Marriott planned
 * 2000: First expansion cancelled
 * 2002: Purchase of adjacent land for potential expansion
 * 2004: Joint venture with Port of Seattle explored
 * 2009: Executive Center added
 * 2015: Interior renovation (requiring full closure), completed in 2016 for $12.5 million
 * Designed by LMN

Administration

 * Owned and operated by Bellevue Convention Center Authority (BCCA), headed by 7-member board appointed by city manager and confirmed by city council
 * No city funds used
 * Funded using hotel-motel tax revenues to cover debt, rent/catering/services charges
 * $29.4 million in bonds issued in 1991, $5.1 million in 1995, $10.5 million in 2002
 * 67 full-time staff

Facilities

 * Location: Near Bellevue TC and I-405
 * "Art deco gymnasium"
 * 54,000 sq ft total space
 * Center Hall: 36,000 sq ft
 * 434 parking spaces
 * The Theatre (performing arts venue)
 * 410-seat, slope floor (3,500 sq ft)
 * 141 performances in 2017, with 37,000 attendees
 * Retail space on 6th, integration with Bravern?
 * Mixed-use development in 2000s
 * Public art
 * "Mercurial Miss" (installed in Feb 1994)

Events

 * 2017 stats: 297 conventions and events, 143,569 attendees, operating revenue of $9.6 million
 * Second largest convention center in Seattle area, state?
 * Eclipsed by Tacoma in 2002
 * Former PAX (until 2007), 19,000 attendees
 * Microsoft events (until mid-2000s, restored in 2010s)

History

 * Curbed, NRHP, Times
 * 2004: Vacated by INS
 * Possible re-use as traditional office space
 * GSA rejects offer to purchase
 * 2008: Purchased by local investors
 * 2010: Reopened as INSpace
 * 2021: For sale
 * 5 stories with basement, 76,600 sq ft

Design and architecture

 * Neoclassical with Mediterranean elements
 * Brick edifice, Corinthian columns, iron grace

History
The former San Diego County Courthouse was opened in 1961 and spanned four blocks between Broadway and A Street, including the site of three previous courthouses dating back to 1872. By the 2000s, the courthouse was deemed seismically vulnerable and was too old to rehabilitate at low cost. In 2008, the California state legislature passed a $5 billion funding package to replace 41 courthouses, allocating the most funds towards San Diego's project.


 * 2010 approval?
 * Dedicated June 5, 2017
 * Opens to public in December

Design and features

 * 72 courtrooms
 * Atrium
 * Separation of defendants
 * Hall of Justice skybridge
 * Public art not included
 * Tunnel not included

Transportation
The courthouse is located adjacent to Courthouse station on the San Diego Trolley system, which opened on April 29, 2018. The station's location, directly in front of the courthouse on C Street, was opposed by county court officials and the sheriff due to potential security risks and disruptions to court operations.

Architecture and design

 * Location: Junction of I-5 and SR 18 (Weyerhauser Way exit)
 * "skyscraper on its side"
 * Artificial lake damming Hylebos Creek
 * "one of the finest modern buildings in the state" and home to "the most beautiful parking lot ever"
 * Designed by Edward Charles Bassett of SOM, landscape by Peter Walker of Sasaki, Walker and Associates


 * Resources
 * Great Buildings (list of references)
 * PCAD

Features

 * Botanical garden
 * Vegetation
 * 10-acre lake behind "dam"

Awards

 * 1972: AIA National Honor Award
 * 1972: Bartlett Awards for Handicapped Access (AIA)
 * 1973 conservatism award from Owens-Corning for use of energy-saving features
 * 2001: AIA Twenty-five Year Award

History

 * Background
 * Weyerhaeuser founded in Tacoma
 * 1910: 10-story office building in Tacoma built for headquarters


 * New building
 * 1968-04: 200-acre site near I-5 and SR 18 selected
 * 1968-08: Site work begins
 * 1968-10: Design of $10 million building approved by Weyerhaeuser
 * 1969: Construction begins


 * Reagan visit in 1980s


 * Move to Seattle
 * 2008: Company restructuring leads to closure of some Federal Way offices
 * 2014-08: Move to Pioneer Square announced, with 800 employees
 * 2016-10: Weyerhaeuser completes move to Pioneer Square


 * Redevelopment
 * 2016-02: Sold to LA-based Industrial Realty Group for $70.5 million
 * Planned redevelopment for fish-processing plants and warehouses, drawing ire from local residents
 * Renamed to "The Greenline"
 * Preservation groups: DocomomoWA, Save Weyerhaeuser Campus
 * The Cultural Landscape Foundation launches letter-writing campaign

History
The club was previously named Graceland, The Off Ramp, Sub-Zero, and Cafe Au Go Go. The Funhouse moved into the venue as a sister club in 2012 after their original building was demolished.


 * Redevelopment
 * Arbutus Development initial plan for demolition
 * 44-story residential building
 * New plan (May 2019) involves new music venue integrated into building

Notable performances

 * Pearl Jam's first five shows (October 1990)
 * Soundgarden, Alice In Chains and Mudhoney
 * Nirvana debuted early version of Aneurysm (1990)

Facilities

 * $800 million cost
 * Expected use: 100 million litres per day, serving population of 320,000

History

 * Background: Victoria's untreated sewage
 * Since 1894
 * Complaints from Washington state
 * Intensified in 1990s
 * Tourism boycotts (1993) (2015)
 * Protests from locals (including Mr. Floatie, 2004 to 2017)
 * Washington support for 2010 Olympics bid contingent on province treating sewage
 * 2012 federal law
 * 2016: Treatment plant approved, after more than six years of debate
 * Esquimalt zoning delayed original approval

Design

 * Skybridge to McCaw Hall
 * 67 accessible parking stalls
 * Full count available in NHL materials?

History

 * Site demolition begins on November 12, 1958, with two-story home on Nob Hill Ave
 * Parking garage approved by Seattle City Council on June 1, 1961
 * 2012: upGarden opens
 * November 2019: upGarden threatened with eviction for NHL capacity needs
 * December 2019: City announces that P-Patch will stay; swearing in for Councilmember Lewis

History

 * Proposed in 1990s by Immunex; 40 acres of abandoned Port of Seattle property acquired with deal for funding for Galer Street Bridge
 * October 1993: 29 acres (Terminal 88) announced for redevelopment by Immunex
 * Completed in February 2004 for $625 million
 * Originally named Helix campus
 * Immunex acquired by Amgen in 2002, during construction
 * 2006: Expansion announced by Amgen, aborted a year later

Layout

 * Park and beachspace
 * Trail access
 * Helix Bridge (separate section?)
 * 400 feet

History

 * Approved in March 2019
 * Groundbreaking on June 6, 2019
 * "One of the dozen shovels used in the ceremony was the same one President Theodore Roosevelt used to plant a tree on campus in 1911"

Design

 * Architect: Opsis Architecture
 * Total space: 67,000 sq ft
 * Roof mirrors curves of Palouse
 * First arena to use mass timber in US
 * Douglas fir sourced from Moscow Mountain's Expiermental Forest (442 tons of laminated beams, up to 130 ft long)
 * Cost: $51 million (originally $45 million)
 * Some funding from $15 student fee
 * Capacity lowered from 4,200 to 4,000?

Naming rights

 * $10 million donation for ICCU for 35 years

History

 * Opened in 1911 as elementary school
 * 1956: 3-story annex constructed to north
 * School closed in 1971
 * Re-used for district administration until 2013
 * 2014 to 2015: District looks for possible tenant
 * Interest from YMCA (later relocated to new building on Colby)
 * $6,300 in estimated monthly costs
 * 2016: Everett Public Schools announces plan to demolish school and annex for stadium parking (64 spaces)
 * Preservationists outcry
 * 2017: Attempt to house Everett History Museum (homeless since 2007) in building fails
 * July 2018: Demolition bid rejected for being too expensive
 * 2019: Demolition cancelled
 * 2021: Listed on NRHP


 * Current use
 * COVID testing site

Description

 * FY 2016 outpatient visits: 599,230
 * More statistics
 * Part of Puget Sound Health Care System, which includes facilities in North Seattle, Bellevue, Federal Way, Bremerton, Chehalis, Mount Vernon, and American Lake

History

 * Predecessor at American Lake opened in 1924


 * May 15, 1951: Beacon Hill campus opens on 44 acres
 * 1967: Research wing added
 * 1971: Proposal to build a 500-bed VA hospital next to University Hospital on UW campus; opposed by various councils
 * 1985: Expansion with patient care facility
 * 1997: Remodel of Building 18
 * 2019: Major expansion with room for 9,000 patients; cost of $121.6 million