User:SounderBruce/Sandbox/Transit

=Sound Transit=

History
Timeline


 * 1987: Washington State Rail Development Commission formed by the Washington State Legislature
 * 1990-04: High Capacity Transit Act passes state legislature, providing local-option taxing authority for public transit
 * 1990-08: Joint Regional Policy Committee (JPRC) formed by King, Pierce and Snohomish counties to coordinate regional transit planning
 * 1993-06-22: Pierce County votes to join RTA
 * 1993-07-06: King County Council votes to join RTA, by one vote
 * 1993-07-08: Snohomish County votes to join RTA
 * 1993-09-17: RTA Board holds first meeting at the former WSDOT District 7 offices in Bellevue, King County Councilmember Bruce Laing elected as first chairman
 * 1994-09: Original proposed date for RTA election, later delayed to March 1995
 * 1995: TRY Rail demonstration
 * 1995-03-14: RTA plan fails
 * 1996-05-31: RTA Board approves finalized Sound Move plan, vote scheduled for November 5
 * 1996-11-05: Sound Move passes
 * 1997-08-15: CPSRTA Board adopts "Sound Transit" as its official name for services, along with "Link" for light rail, "Sounder" for commuter rail and "Regional Express" for buses; "Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority" retained as business name;
 * 1997-09-25: Sound Transit logo and color scheme adopted
 * 1999-09-19: ST Express begins service on nine routes
 * 1999-10-16: Union Station rededicated as ST headquarters
 * 2000-09-18: Sounder South begins service, from Tacoma to Seattle via Sumner and Auburn; Puyallup, Kent and Tukwila stations open in 2001
 * 2003-08-03: Tacoma Link begins service
 * 2003-11-08: Groundbreaking for Central Link held in SODO
 * 2003-12-23: Sounder North begins service, from Everett to Seattle via Edmonds; Mukilteo Station opens in 2008
 * 2007-11-06: Roads and Transit vote fails
 * 2008-11-04: ST2 vote passes
 * 2009-07-18: Central Link (Westlake to Tukwila) begins service
 * 2009-12-19: Airport Link (Tukwila to SeaTac) begins service
 * 2012-10-08: Sounder South extended to South Tacoma and Lakewood via the newly-built Point Defiance Bypass
 * 2016-03-19: University Link (Westlake to UW) begins service
 * 2016-09-24: S 200th Link Extension (SeaTac/Airport to Angle Lake) begins service
 * 2016-11: ST3 passed


 * Future
 * 2021: Northgate Link (UW to Northgate) begins service
 * 2023: Lynnwood Link (Northgate to Lynnwood) begins service
 * 2023: East Link (ID/C to Overlake) begins service

Board of Directors

 * 18-member Board of Directors
 * Elected officials from Snohomish (3), King (10) and Pierce (4); and Secretary of Transportation
 * Monthly meetings for Board, plus committees
 * 2017: Legislature proposes 11 districts and elected, non-partisan board members (no other offices allowed)

Management

 * Current CEO: Peter Rogoff (former FTA head)
 * Former CEOs: Bob White (until 2001); Joni Earl (2001 to 2015); Mike Harbor (acting, 2015 to 2016)
 * CEO duties?
 * Other high-level managers (light rail director during 2000s?)

Regional coordination

 * ORCA
 * ST Express

Policing

 * Contracted with Securitas USA

Accountability

 * Audits from FTA and State Auditor
 * Citizen Oversight Panel, and other advisory committees

Sustainability

 * Light rail power: mostly sustainable until 2023 (Seattle City Light vs. PSE)
 * ISO 14001 environmental and sustainability management system

Programs

 * STart: Percent for Art since 1998
 * Seattle Sounders (USL) sponsorship in 2008

Administrative buildings

 * Headquarters: Union Station, 401 South Jackson Street, Seattle (adjacent to King Street Station, International District/Chinatown Station and First Hill Streetcar)
 * Bus bases owned and operated by partner agencies
 * Light rail base in SODO
 * Amtrak-Sounder facility on Holgate

Future expansion

 * Long Range Plan updates
 * 1996-05-31: Sound Move 10-Year Plan adopted by ST Board
 * 2005-07-07: Long Range Plan adopted
 * 2014-12-18: LRP Update adopted

Fleet

 * 2009 fleet overview with detail pages for Link Series 1, Tacoma Link, Sounder, Gillig, MCI, New Flyer, etc.

Funding

 * 1.9 percent sales and use tax
 * Motor vehicle excise tax (MVET; colloquially "car tabs")
 * 2017 controversy over ST3 increase
 * Property tax (introduced in ST3)
 * Rental car sales tax (unused)
 * 2015: Two-thirds to capital consrtuction

Subarea equity

 * Subareas
 * North King County (730,600): Seattle, Shoreline and Lake Forest Park
 * East King County (530,500): Eastside, including Bellevue, Mercer Island, Redmond, Kirkland, Issaquah, Bothell, Woodinville, Sammamish and Renton
 * South King County (518,200): South of Seattle, including SeaTac, Tukwila, Federal Way, Kent and Auburn
 * Pierce County (694,600): Northern Pierce County, including Tacoma, Lakewood and Puyallup
 * Snohomish County (445,400): Southwestern Snohomish County, including Everett, Lynnwood, Edmonds, Mountlake Terrace, Mill Creek and Mukilteo

Fare enforcement

 * Link and Sounder: POP with changes in 2022

Link light rail

 * Central: 101 to 162 Kinkisharyo, 201 to 352 Siemens
 * Siemens S700: 95 ft long, 8.69 ft wide, 12.7 ft tall without pantograph
 * Tacoma: 1001 to 1003 Skoda, 1004 to 1008 Brookeville

Sounder commuter rail

 * Bombardier cars and cabs; GM/Motive locomotives

Sound Transit Express
Sound Transit Express routes are contracted out to three local agencies, but are branded uniformly.


 * Double-deckers introduced in 2015

Background and early systems
The Puget Sound region's public transit agencies have operated with separate fare systems since their inception in the 20th century. Although paper transfers were accepted between some systems, there was no regional fare payment system in place until the 1990s.

The University of Washington adopted plans for a monthly transit pass program, named "U-PASS", in March 1991, allowing unlimited rides on Metro Transit (now King County Metro) and Community Transit for a flat fee. The program was introduced to mitigate increased traffic congestion on the university's campus in Seattle and reduce demand at its parking lots, where fees were raised to fund the pass's subsidy. The program was rolled out to all students and faculty on September 30, 1991, and by the following year transit ridership on the campus increased from 21 percent to 33 percent.

PugetPass and ORCA
The Regional Transit Authority (later renamed Sound Transit) was established in 1993 to produce a regional transit plan for a future ballot measure in King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties. The agency propose an integrated, unified fare system as part of its 1995 and 1996 plans, the latter of which was approved by voters alongside regional rail and bus services. Sound Transit formed a regional fare coordination forum with King County Metro, Community Transit, Pierce Transit, and Everett Transit in 1998 to create a regional fare pass system that would eventually be replaced by a contactless smart card with passes and a stored-value purse.

The PugetPass, accepted by five agencies and sold in three versions based on subarea zones, was introduced on September 1, 1999. The pass system debuted ahead of the rollout of Sound Transit Express later that month.


 * Planning
 * 2003-04-29: Central Puget Sound Regional Fare Coordination Project established, agreement signed by seven agencies (ST, KC Metro, CT, ET, PT, KT, WSF)
 * Metro is lead agency
 * 2003: $43 million contract signed to ERG Transit Systems as vendor, anticipated to be operational in 2006
 * 2006-08: ORCA branding announced, tests scheduled on select Sounder, bus and ferry routes
 * 2006-12-22: Public beta test of ORCA begins
 * 2007-01-31: ORCA public testing ends


 * Rollout
 * 2009-04-20: Limited rollout of ORCA begins
 * 2009-06: Sounder TVMs begin distributing ORCA cards
 * 2009-06: Extensive rollout begins, including public outreach campaign
 * 2009-07-18: Central Link service begins, with heavy ORCA integration
 * 2010-01-01: ORCA replaces most paper transfers
 * 2010-03-01: ORCA free period ends, $5 fee charged for new cards

ORCA 2

 * Board documents


 * NextGen
 * Scope
 * Early 2022 rollout planned, end of service for "legacy" ORCA by late 2022
 * More information (new website)


 * Features
 * Mobile app (myORCA) and better website for managing account
 * Mobile payment and contactless credit card compatibility
 * Instant reloading
 * More retail locations
 * No fare capping

Features and usage

 * Free passes to all public school students in Seattle and Tacoma
 * Employer passes
 * ORCA Lift program


 * Statistics
 * 2019: 68 percent of transit trips used ORCA, $275 million in fare revenue
 * 65.1% total in 2019, with largest market use for Kitsap Transit (81.7%) and lowest for WSF (16.5%)
 * Net ORCA receipts: $251 million total in 2019

Products

 * Design specifications for each version
 * 8 digits (old), 19 digits (new)

Design

 * Commemorative and special editions: University Link (March 2016), Mariners (2018), Seattle Storm (2019), Swift Green Line (March 2019), Link 10th Anniversary (July 2019), Sounder 20th Anniversary (2020)
 * Special editions for ORCA2: three RapidRide cards (2023), Kitsap Transit 40th Anniversary (2023), Swift Orange Line (2024), East Link Starter Line (2024)

Technology

 * Manufactured in China at a cost of $1.92 to $2.40 each

History
The first transit service in Everett was a streetcar system that was conceived in 1892, prior to the city's incorporation. The Everett Land Company received several proposals for streetcar systems and awarded a construction contract to A. R. Whitney Jr. in December 1892 for a 7 mi network. Delivery of the streetcars began the following month and construction commenced in March, traveling south from a smelter on Monte Cristo Avenue. The final rails were laid in late June, with the system reaching Lowell.

The streetcar system opened on July 3, 1893, with an inaugural ride from the city's elected leaders and prominent citizens. Following the financial panic, the Everett Land Company unsuccessfully attempted to sell the streetcar system to the city government in 1894, instead retaining ownership of the Everett Railway and Light Company.


 * 1905: Acquired by Stone and Webster, operated by Puget Sound International Railway & Power (later Puget Sound Power & Light and later Puget Sound Energy)
 * December 1910: Major strike
 * 1910: Interurban to Seattle begins
 * 1923: Buses replace streetcars
 * 1939: SOld to Everett City Lines, subsidiary of National City Lines
 * 1961: Everett Bus System takes over routes


 * Everett Transit
 * 1969-11-04: Everett voters approve tax and fare increase to fund public bus service, allowing Everett to take over the Everett Bus System
 * 1969-12-01: City of Everett officially takes over Everett Transit System; Everett City Council purchases 16 used buses
 * 1971-04-16: Transit Director Tom Evans resigns over City Council rejection of fare-free bus system
 * 1974: SNOTRAN countywide bus system rejected by Everett voters twice
 * 1976: Snohomish County PTBA approved, excluding Everett; SCPTBA Public Transit (later renamed to Community Transit in 1979) begins operations
 * 1979: 0.3 percent sales tax approved by voters; previous funded by a $1 per household monthly tax
 * 1985 to 1989: Motorized trolleys used but scrapped over lack of increased ridership
 * 1990s: Development of Downtown Everett Transit Center at Hewitt & Hoyt
 * 1996: Sound Transit established, formed from partnership between King County Metro, Community Transit, Pierce Transit, and Everett Transit
 * 1998: Referendum 49 approved, giving ET $4.5 million in new annual funding
 * 1999: ET joins PugetPass
 * 2002: Everett Station opens
 * 2004: Sales tax increase
 * 2007: Streetcar revival proposed for new waterfront and riverfront development
 * 2018: First electric bus; planned to go half-fleet by 2022


 * CT merger
 * Proposed since formation of SNOTRAN and PTBA
 * 1988-11: CT Board votes to study a merger with ET and SNOTRAN
 * 1990: SNOTRAN plan to merge CT & ET to save $350,000 per year in deadheading rejected by Everett City Council, called unnecessary by consultant
 * 1994: Washington State House Rules Committee halts bill that passed House Transportation Committee allowing for a CT/ET merger, successful lobbying from Everett helped prevent merger
 * 1996: CT reaffirms belief that they should absorb ET to ease transfers in Everett, resisted by Everett because of a fear of them subsidizing the rest of the county
 * 2001: New logo and bus livery
 * 2002-07: CT reduces Everett service, considered canceling all service within Everett and forcing transfer at city limits
 * 2007-12-05: CT and ET agree to Swift partnership


 * Other resources
 * 1984 Report
 * 1994 Comprehensive Plan

Administration

 * Operated by City of Everett Transportation Services
 * Budget (2014): $22.6 million
 * Employees: 150

Fares

 * 2013-01-01: Fares increase for all riders, ending free service for seniors/reduced

Bus routes

 * 12 routes
 * 4 circulator routes: 2 (South Everett), 4/5 (North Everett pair), 12 (Mall)
 * Former service to Marysville on route 79

Facilities

 * 3225 Cedar Street: Operations Center, Maintenance Center, Bus Lot
 * 2911 California Avenue: North Operations Base (shared with Everett School District)


 * Bus stations
 * Everett Station (opened on February 2, 2002)
 * College Station (also called North Everett TC, opened in March 2008) - six bus bays, bus layover space, bicycle storage
 * Budget: $1.7 million
 * Funding partners: Sound Transit, Everett Transit
 * Mall Station
 * Planned with Everett Mall expansion in 1998


 * Former facilities
 * Hewitt & Hoyt/Everett Transit Center: Primary bus hub prior to the opening of Everett Station in 2002, also served by CT; now home to Everpark Garage

Fleet

 * 42 buses (plan for all-electric)

Private transportation

 * Microsoft Connector shuttles
 * Began operating on September 24, 2007 with 5 routes; grew to 19 routes by 2009
 * Occupies Bay 2 at Overlake Transit Center
 * Operated by MV Transportation
 * Port of Seattle Rental Car shuttle bus
 * UW Health Science Express

History

 * Resources
 * Metro Transit Milestones, 1850-2003 by decade

History

 * Earlier public ferries
 * 1895: State legislature authorizes counties to build and operate ferries
 * 1900–1922: King County Port Commission operates Lake Washington ferries, later privatized
 * 1940–1950: Temporary ferry on Tacoma Narrows operated by Highways Department during construction of the second Tacoma Narrows Bridge


 * State-operated system
 * 1940s: Various proposals for cross-Sound bridges to replace private ferries
 * 1949-12-30: State announces their intention to purchase and operate Black Ball routes
 * 1951-06-01: State officially begins operating former Black Ball routes in the Puget Sound, under the management of the Washington Toll Bridge Authority; $5 million paid for 16 ferryboats and 20 terminals
 * WSF flag: "The new flag is white with a green tree in the center, symbolizing the new name for the service, the Evergreen Route. Superimposed on the green tree is a white 'W,' for Washington. The flag has a narrow green border."; 600 employees transferred from Black Ball to WSF
 * Fleet of 19 ferries inherited, to be rehabilitated by the state
 * 1954: MV Evergreen State launches as the first ferry built for WSF
 * 1958-04-25: WSF and Toll Bridge Authority agree to continue the Black Ball tradition of naming vessels after Native American words
 * 1959: Part of state gasoline tax revenue used to support ferries for the first time; ferries required to generate 60% of its operating expenses from fares
 * 1961: Colman Dock renovation completed by WSF
 * 1966-02-21: Kalakala rams Colman Dock, causing $80,000 in damage
 * 1967: Super Class ferries introduced to fleet
 * 1972: Jumbo Class ferries introduced to fleet, becoming the largest ferries by capacity in the world
 * 1974: 1970s energy crisis forces ferries to run at reduced speed and power during midday operation
 * 1974-06-06: State takes over Port Townsend–Keystone run, previously a private operation
 * 1977-09-22: Toll Bridge Authority absorbed into newly-created WSDOT


 * Resources
 * WSDOT Timeline
 * Secretary of State - Guide to the Records of Washington State Ferries

Routes
Washington State Ferries runs 450 departures per day on 10 routes that travel between 20 terminals located on the Puget Sound and in the San Juan Islands. Effective June 9, 1994, these routes were included in the state highway system as extensions of existing state routes, with the exception of the newly-created State Route 339 between Vashon Island and Seattle.


 * Terminals
 * Edmonds and Mukilteo are adjacent to Sounder commuter rail stations

Operation

 * 1,800 employees (as of February 2014)
 * 10 unions and 13 CBAs (2013 to 2015)
 * Officially named the "WSDOT Ferries Division", authorized to operate under the name "Washington State Ferries" by RCW 47.60.015

Ridership

 * Total ridership (2014): 23,193,660
 * Total passenger ridership: 12,967,117
 * Total vehicles carried: 10,226,543
 * "Most popular tourist attraction in the state"
 * Busiest route (2014): Bainbridge Island–Seattle, 6,320,820
 * Third largest transit system in the state, after KC Metro and Sound Transit

Fleet

 * Statistics
 * 24 vessels
 * Largest: Jumbo Mark II class (Puyallup, Tacoma, Wenatchee) (2,500 passengers and 202 vehicles)
 * Smallest: MV Hiyu (200 passengers and 34 vehicles)
 * Livery: White with green trim


 * Naming
 * Native American names, adopted in 1958 as a continuation of Black Ball's tradition
 * Washington State Transportation Commission selects names based on set guidelines; all but two names (Rhodedendron and Evergreen State) are Native American

History

 * Timeline
 * 1988-10: Wenatchee Downtown Association brings together political and business leaders to discuss a possible public transit service for the area
 * 1989-03-14: Special Transit Conference held; elected officials passed a resolution in support of a two-county transit system
 * 1989-11-21: PTBA forms, under RCW Chapter 36.57A, encompassing the entirety of Chelan County, as well as the Eastmont and Waterville school districts in Douglas County
 * 1990-09-18: PTBA sales tax approved by 54 percent of voters, funding the "Chelan Douglas Public Transportation System"; 0.4% local sales tax, 63% match from MVET
 * 1991-06: "LINK" name and logo approved
 * 1991-12-16: First day of service; ridership at 1,700
 * 1992-12: First year of service ends with over 1 million rides in first year, carrying over 3,600 people daily on 19 routes
 * 1995-03: Orondo SD annexed into PTBA
 * 2000-02: Free fares end because of the loss of MVET revenue after I-595; initial fare is 50 cents
 * 2000-05: Board of Directors update branding to "Link Transit"

Administration

 * Administered by Chelan Douglas Public Transportation Benefit Area
 * Area: 3,500 sqmi (largest in Washington state)
 * Population (2013): 107,501
 * Sales tax rate: 0.004%
 * Budget (2014): $10.7 million
 * Employees: 119


 * Board of Directors (13 members)
 * Two Chelan County commissioners
 * Two Douglas County commissioners
 * One city council member or mayor from member cities (Cashmere, Chelan, East Wenatchee, Entiat, Leavenworth, Rock Island, Watervilla and Wenatchee)
 * One representative from Teamsters Local #760

Other services

 * Vanpool
 * Restored in 2005
 * LinkPlus: paratransit service
 * $1.50 one-zone, $3.00 two-zone; $15 punchcards

Fares and passes

 * Reduced fare available for seniors above age 65
 * Ages 12 and under are free when accompanied by fare-paying adult (up to 4 per adult)
 * Rolls of bus fare tokens available for purchase
 * Wenatchee Valley College students can ride for no charge with valid student ID and Link Transit sticker for the quarter


 * Zones
 * Zone A: Wenatchee, East Wenatchee, Olds Station, Cashmere, Monitor, Malaga, Rock Island, Entiat


 * Passes
 * Day Pass: $2 one-zone / $5 two-zone; replaced paper transfers
 * Monthly Pass (Adult): $30 one-zone / $70 two-zone
 * Monthly Pass (Reduced): $22.50 / $52.50
 * Monthly Pass (Student, ages 12 to 21): $15 with proof of enrollment
 * Student Freedom Pass (ages 12 to 21, unlimited use for one year): $120 (decreases further in the year), partially refunded to school; available at select high schools
 * Purchasable at Columbia Station and select grocery stores

Facilities

 * Columbia Station (Amtrak; 67 spaces)
 * Olds Station Park & Ride (200 spaces)
 * Leavenworth Park & Ride (42 spaces)
 * Biy Y Park & Ride (32 spaces)
 * Entiat Park & Ride (21 spaces)
 * Lake Chelan Park & Ride (29 spaces)
 * Wenatchee Valley Mall Transit Center
 * Valley North Transit Center
 * Maintenance & Operations Base: 36,700 sq ft base in the Olds Station industrial park of Wenatchee

History

 * Resources
 * MEHVA: 60 Years (Part 2)
 * From Rails to Rubber
 * Routes by W. Crowley

Origins

 * 1937: Streetcar referendum rejects Beeler Plan
 * 1939-05: Seattle Transportation Commission created to operate municipal transit; $10 million loan from RFC for streetcar debt and conversion to trackless trolleys
 * 1939-08: STC takes over municipal transit
 * 1940: Cable cars and streetcars shut down
 * 1941: Final streetcar

Beginnings and expansion

 * 1939-12: "Seattle Transit System" adopted as new name, Madison cable car to be first converted to trackless trolley
 * 5-cent fare requested
 * Trackless trolleys proposed to Mercer Island on new floating toll bridge
 * 1944: Peak of 130 million passengers during war-time gas/tire rationing
 * 1951: STC reorganized as Seattle Transit Commission
 * August 1, 1959: Bus service begins north of 85th Street (areas recently or not yet annexed)

Conversion to diesel buses

 * 1963: Some trolley routes converted
 * 1967: State legislature considers repeal of state permission requirement for out-of-city service

Decline

 * 1970: Reorganization into city department
 * 1970: Blue Streak (Northgate 41) launched

Merger and replacement with Metro

 * 1956: Metro fails to gain transit/planning authority
 * 1972: Metro authorized to run transit service by referendum, using county-wide sales tax
 * COMET vote
 * 1973-01-01: Metro takes over Seattle Transit and Metropolitan Transit System routes
 * 1978: Trolley system refresh
 * 1990s: Reorganized into King County government, ST formed

Legacy

 * Preserved fleet

List of routes

 * Chicago list


 * Trolleybus routes
 * Blue Streak
 * Flyer Routes
 * Snohomish County services transferred to Metro

Facilities

 * Garages

Union actions

 * January 1946
 * November 1956: 2-week strike from ATU

History

 * 1927: Overlake founded by Charles Claringbould
 * 1927: Roanoke–Beaux Arts buses begin operating
 * 1928: Suburban Transit System created
 * 1936: Overlake extends service to Medina, Bellevue, Issaquah
 * 1940: Overlake awarded unlimited franchise for Eastside access to new floating bridge
 * 1962: Overlake acquires Suburban and Lake Shore Lines
 * 1964-02: 33-day strike of 100 drivers and mechanics shuts down service
 * 1964-04-01: Overlake consolidates four operators into Metropolitan Transit
 * 1964: Overlake acquires Everett, Tacoma, Auburn and Kent routes from Greyhound
 * Low ridership and possible bankruptcy


 * Merger into Metro
 * 1970: Merger with Seattle Transit proposed as part of Forward Thrust
 * 1973-01-01: Metro Transit takes over service
 * Metro purchases company for $1.2 million
 * MEHVA preservation of 1959 GM bus

Location

 * Landmarks
 * Pantages
 * Capitol Records
 * Walk of Fame
 * CBS Columbia Square


 * TOD
 * W Hotel
 * 1600 Vine

History

 * 1980s: Red Line corridor moved from Wilshire/Crenshaw to Hollywood and Vermont
 * 1990 schedule

Hollywood/Vine opened on June 12, 1999, as the western terminus of the northern branch of the Red Line. Upon the opening of the westward extension to North Hollywood in 2000, it lost its title as the end of the line.

Station layout
Like most stations on the Metro, Hollywood/Vine uses an island platform setup with two tracks. There is an entrance to the east of the intersection at Argyle Avenue.

Art and architecture

 * Firm: Morales Associates

Local Chicano artist Gilbert "Magú" Luján was selected to design the Hollywood/Vine station. "Light" was one of the central themes of the station because of its pervasiveness in Hollywood, from stars to light that passes through projectors to show films to the sun in sunny southern California. Cultural motifs in the form of So Cal cultural icons are also prevalent throughout the myriad of ceramic tiles lining the walls of the corridors as passengers descend into the railway tunnel. Benches for waiting passengers were fashioned as classic car lowriders on pedestals.

The station has, perhaps, the most detail and decorations of any station in the entire Metro system. This station is among the most pleasant and "fun" stations and tourists may find this station the most enjoyable. Other features include two movie projectors donated by Paramount Pictures pointed towards a representation of a movie screen flanked by large curtains. The ceiling of the station is covered with empty film reels. Pillars that provide support for the station are designed to look like palm trees, and beneath the handrail of the stairs are musical notes for the famed song "Hooray for Hollywood." Passengers making their way to the street follow the "Yellow Brick Road" while passing many colored tiles that depict icons or represent southern California lifestyle.

Service

 * Metro buses
 * Metro Local: 180, 181, 210, 212, 217, 222
 * Metro Rapid: 780


 * Other buses
 * FlyAway Bus (hourly service to LAX)
 * LADOT DASH: Beachwood Canyon, Hollywood, Hollywood/Wilshire
 * BoltBus (to Oakland via San Jose and San Francisco)

Location

 * Mid-Wilshire financial district
 * Metroplex complex

History

 * 1996-07-13: Opened as part of Purple Line extension from Westlake to Western

Station layout

 * Art
 * Festival of Masks
 * Sparrow Lane

Service

 * Rail
 * 5 am to 12:45 am

Wilshire/Normandie is one of only two subway stations in the system not served by the Red Line.


 * Buses
 * Metro Local: 18, 20, 206
 * Metro Rapid: 720

Background
The construction of a rapid transit system for Seattle has been proposed in various forms since the turn of the 20th century, during periods of rapid growth for the city and region. In 1911, civil engineer Virgil Bogue and the Seattle Planning Commission proposed a 60 mi rail system with subways and elevated railways across the then-smaller city of Seattle. The plan was put to a public vote on March 5, 1912, where it was defeated by a 2-to-1 margin. While Bogue's vision largely did not materialize, the idea of a rapid transit system influenced later plans for the city.


 * Forward Thrust
 * 1988: Advisory referendum in King County
 * PSRC plan: Federal Way to Lynnwood; Redmond to Seattle
 * 1993 JRPC plan
 * $9.3 billion plan originally planned to be on November 1993 ballot, later delayed to "after 1994 session"
 * 1993: RTA formed
 * 1995 RTA vote

History

 * 1996-05-31: RTA Board votes 15-2 to send plan to voters (2 dissents would later try to submit a "no confidence" motion in September)


 * Resources
 * Modern Transit

Political support

 * Supporters
 * Boeing and its CEO
 * Corporate leaders (credited with delivering win)
 * Seattle Chamber of Commerce


 * Opponents
 * Citizens Opposed to Sitting in Traffic (COST)

Results

 * Simple majority

Implementation

 * 1998: "First Moves" program funds additional trips to Tacoma and Bellevue; starts park-and-ride construction at Ash Way and Overlake
 * 1999: ST Express
 * 2001 meltdown
 * State Senate attempts revote
 * 2001/2003: Sounder
 * 2009: Central Link
 * 2016: University Link
 * 86 percent overbudget

Structure

 * Description
 * Location
 * Hawaiian name (if applicable)
 * History
 * Station layout/design with diagram
 * Service
 * Travel time to/from termini and airport?

Stations

 * Kualaka'i (East Kapolei)
 * Keone'ae (UH West Oahu)
 * Honouliuli (Ho'opili)
 * Hō'ae'ae (West Loch)
 * Pouhala (Waipahu Transit Center)
 * Hālaulani (Leeward Community College)
 * Waiawa (Pearl Highlands)
 * Kalauao (Pearlridge Center)
 * Hālawa (Aloha Stadium)
 * Pearl Harbor Naval Base
 * Honolulu International Airport
 * Lagoon Drive
 * Middle Street Transit Center
 * Kalihi
 * Kapalama
 * Iwilei
 * Chinatown
 * Downtown
 * Civic Center
 * Kakaʻako
 * Ala Moana Center

Kualaka'i, Keone'ae, Waiawa, and Hālawa (per )
 * Park and rides

History

 * 1973 proposal

List of stations

 * List of Honolulu Rail Transit stations

The Honolulu Rail Transit system in Honolulu, Hawaii, US, is planned to include 21 stations on 20 mi of track. The stations will include names in English and Hawaiian to reflect the culture and history of the Hawaiian people.

Location
Hālawa station will be located on the east side of the Kamehameha Highway at its intersection with Salt Lake Boulevard. To the northeast of the station is Aloha Stadium.


 * "Serving the Aloha Stadium, Aiea, Salt Lake, Moanalua, and outlying residential areas."
 * Pearl Harbor memorials

History

 * 1973 H-3 plan: Halawa to Kailua to replace H-3
 * 2016: Guideway construction begins
 * 2017: Named Halawa

Station layout
Hālawa station will be elevated.


 * 600-space park and ride
 * Bus station below
 * Artwork on columns, depicting Makahiki festival

History

 * Founded in 1994 and contracted service until July 1, 2002; inherited CART in 2006
 * 2014: Alliance with other agencies in cross-state region for potential routes to Wyoming destinations
 * Ceased service on May 1, 2019
 * Original announcement on April 22 following FTA audit expressed concerns about accounting errors

Early life and education
Walker was raised in Portland, Oregon, where he became interested in transit issues while using the TriMet bus system.


 * Undergraduate program with TriMet

Career

 * Nelson Nygaard, TransLink, McCormick, MRCagney
 * Major redesigns: Houston, Columbus, Richmond, Salem
 * Philadelphia (2017)?
 * Dublin (2018) generated controversy

Walker gained a significant amount of media attention as a result of a dispute he had with Elon Musk. In December 2017, Musk expressed his disdain for public transit and reiterated his preference for individual transportation in response to an audience question during the Neural Information Processing Systems Conference. Walker criticized him on Twitter, stating that "Musk's hatred of sharing space with strangers is a luxury (or pathology) that only the rich can afford," referring to the theory that planning a city around the preferences of a minority yields an outcome that usually does not work for the majority. Musk responded with "You're an idiot," later saying "Sorry [...] Meant to say 'sanctimonious idiot.'" This dispute led to a broader debate about Musk's opinions on transit, including during a segment on Fox Business Network in which Walker spoke with Stuart Varney, and prompted an outpouring of people sharing their stories of the connections and community formed on transit, using the hashtag #GreatThingsThatHappenedonTransit.