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= Dora Karplus Hartmann = Dora Karplus Hartmann (1902-1974), was an Austrian-American pediatrician, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and mountaineer who published several pediatric articles between 1927 and 1931.

Life and Career
Dora Hartmann was born the youngest of four children to Dr. Sigmund Karplus and Ludmilla Karplus.

In 1928 she married the psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Heinz Hartmann (1894-1970) who was one of the founders of ego psychology, to whom she had two children with; Ernest Harmann, and Lawrence Harmann. She initially lived in Paris and Switzerland before emigrating to the USA in 1941 and settling in New York.

Dora Hartmann completed her psychiatric and psychoanalytic training in America and became a member of the New York Psychoanalytic Society in 1948 and a training analyst in 1958.

She played a leading role in child psychiatry in the USA, and was involved in the Association for Child Psychoanalysis.

Much like her husband, Heinz Hartmann, she reflected the views of ego psychology, that being that the ego is separate from instinctive behaviour.