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Francis Skidmore (1817 – 13 November 1896) was a British metalworker best known for high profile commissions including the glass and metal roof of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (1859), the Hereford Cathedral choir screen (1862) and the Albert Memorial in London. Skidmore was heavily influenced by Gothic Revival style, a movement characterised by its use of medieval designs and styles. He was a member of both the Oxford Architectural Society and the Ecclesiological Society, two organisations which endorsed the Gothic Revival style. Skidmore also worked closely with architect Sir George Gilbert Scott.

Early life and work
Francis Alfred Skidmore was born in Birmingham, the son of Francis Skidmore, a jeweller. The Skidmore family moved to Coventry around 1822, possibly because Coventry was an important watchmaking centre. Skidmore learned metalworking from his father and completed a seven year apprenticeship with him. In 1845, father and son registered as silversmiths under the name F. Skidmore and son. Their early work as silversmiths consisted primarily of church plate. The earliest known examples of Skidmore's work includes three silver chalices made for St John the Baptist's Church, Coventry (1845), St Giles, Exhall (1845) and St Alkmund's, Derbyshire (1846).

By 1845 Skidmore was working as a silversmith in West Orchard area of Coventry. He made an Eagle Lectern for Coventry Cathedral. He has been described as the most celebrated metalworker in the United Kingdom. Skidmore worked in iron, brass and silver. He is most famous for commissions for the Albert Memorial, Hereford Cathedral Screen and Oxford University Museum roof.

Development of Skidmore's work
The 1850s were an important period in the development and expansion of Skidmore's career as a metalworker and craftsman. At the Great Exhibition of 1851, he exhibited church plate, including a silver gilt and enamelled chalice now on display at the Victoria and Albert Museum. The recognition he received at the Exhibition helped to stimulate his business and he soon expanded, beginning to produce other church furnishings including items in iron, brass and wood. In 1851, he also received commissions to produce gas lighting in St Michael's Church, Coventry. Skidmore's firm also installed gas lighting in St Mary's Guidhall and Holy Trinity Church, both also in Coventry. At Holy Trinity Church, some of his ironwork, wooden pews and gas lamp standards are still in situ.

It was also in the 1850s that Skidmore met Sir George Gilbert Scott, a prominent architect, designer and proponent of Gothic Revival (c). Although Skidmore produced works for a variety of people, it was his long lasting, working relationship with Scott which resulted in several notable commissions. Skidmore worked with Scott on the Hereford, Lichfield and Salisbury cathedral screens and the Albert Memorial in London.

Major works
During his lifetime, Francis Skidmore created works for 24 cathedrals, over 300 parish churches, 15 colleges and a number of public buildings. Some of his more prominent works are detailed below.

Cathedral screens

 * Hereford

The Hereford Choir Screen was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott and made by Skidmore's firm in 1862. It was made in a period of only four months. To complete such a large and complex structure in only four months, Skidmore took short cuts and used mass production techniques. Skidmore displayed it at the International Exhibition of 1862 where it won a medal for its superior design and craftsmanship. The screen was dismantled and removed from the cathedral in 1967. The Herbert Art Gallery & Museum in Coventry purchased the screen, but was unable to restore or display the screen, so in 1983 it was transferred to the Victoria and Albert Museum. Before conservation, the screen was in almost 14,000 individual pieces, many of which were in very poor condition. Conservation of the screen took thirteen months and cost over £800,000 which is, as of August 2011, the largest conservation project undertaken by the V&A. The Hereford Choir Screen is now on display at the V&A.

Of the three cathedral screens that Skidmore made, Lichfield's is the only one still in situ. His firm made the screen in 1861. [PIC]
 * Lichfield

Sir George Gilbert Scott led the restoration of Salisbury Cathedral between 1863 - 1878. It was during this time that Skidmore created the cathedral's choir screen. In 1959, the screen was removed and most of it was destroyed. The chancel gates survived and are now in the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum.
 * Salisbury

Albert Memorial
Skidmore's firm made the metalwork for the Albert Memorial in Hyde Park.

OUMNH
"made by Skidmore of Coventry at the cost of £5,000.

From: 'The University Press and other modern buildings', A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3: The University of Oxford (1954), pp. 56-60. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63871 Date accessed: 14 June 2011."

Later life
Business move to Meriden Pension/financial support Partial blindness; carriage accident (newspapers) Skidmore died on 13 November 1896 and is buried in London Road Cemetery, Coventry. [PIC?] Skidmore was survived by his widow, Emma, and their four children: Francis Sidney, Bernard, Evangeline and Kenneth. In 2000, a memorial plaque was installed at the site of Skidmore's Alma Street factory in Hillfields.

Other works
The work of Francis Skidmore can be seen in different churches and buildings throughout the world. Cathedrals and churches Colleges and Universities Other Buildings and Monuments Outside of Great Britain
 * Ahoghill church
 * Wrought iron cross
 * Canterbury
 * Chester Cathedral
 * Iron canopy on monument to Bishop Pearson
 * Church of All Saints, Sherbourne, Warwickshire
 * Pulpit stairs
 * Church of the Holy Cross, Ilam, Staffordshire
 * Wrought iron rood screen and chancel screen
 * Church of St Luke, Chester
 * Cross
 * Durham
 * Glasgow Cathedral
 * Norwich
 * St Giles, Edinburgh
 * St Mary's, Edinburgh
 * St Michael's (Coventry)
 * Pulpit destroyed during the Coventry Blitz of 14 November 1940.
 * St. Paul's
 * Westminster Abbey
 * Winchester
 * York Minster
 * Brass Mural Tablet (1862) dedicated to William Mason (1724-1797) and William Henry Dixon (1783-1854).
 * Cambridge
 * King's College, London
 * Oxford
 * University of Glasgow
 * Colston Hall, Bristol
 * Golden Gates, Eaton Hall
 * Errol Park gates, Dundee
 * Greenwich (fountain)
 * Hereford Town Hall
 * India Museum, London
 * Manchester Assize Courts
 * Peel Park gates, Manchester
 * Preston Town Hall
 * Royal Exchange, Liverpool
 * St Michael's, Antwerp, Belgium
 * Calcutta
 * St George's, Demerara
 * Graham's Town, South Africa
 * St James's, Philadelphia, USA
 * Valpraiso