User:Spotty11222/The Kalabalik

Notes

^ "Kalabalik" has had several slightly altered meanings over the years by various authors. While most consider it to be 'tumult', English author Oscar Browning has used "Lion Hunt".[6] ^ Charles XII had no army with him that was capable of invading Russia alone, and the Great Northern War had taken its toll on Sweden. So long as the Swedish king remained hundreds of miles from his home country, Peter and the Allies could easily sweep up and take the Baltic provinces controlled by Sweden, ultimately leading up to an invasion of Sweden itself.[7] ^ Siniawski was an agent of King Augustus and had convinced khan Devlet Gerey to be the one who would lead Charles XII's convoy to Poland.[12] ^ Robert Massie notes that the behaviour of the Swedish foot soldiers was very unusual. Normally, even when facing against great odds, Swedish soldiers remained in rank and fought disciplined. However, this quick surrender suggests that King Charles XII himself issued an order not to engage the Turks.[17] ^ The skirmish soon became tiresome and, as there were no other liquids other than brandy and wine, the men were forced to quench their thirst with alcoholic drinks. Charles XII took his first drink of wine in 13 years since leaving Stockholm on the Great Northern War.[19] [edit]References

^ a b Massie 1981, pp. 591–592 ^ a b c d e Browning 1899, p. 262. ^ Browning 1899, p. 272. ^ Topelius 1884, p. 154. ^ a b c d e f g Massie 1981, p. 597 ^ Browning 1899, p. 269. ^ Massie 1981, p. 259. ^ a b Browning 1899, p. 259. ^ Massie 1981, p. 259. ^ Massie 1981, p. 259. ^ Massie 1981, p. 259. ^ a b Browning 1899, p. 261. ^ Massie 1981, p. 259. ^ a b c Massie 1981, p. 592. ^ Massie 1981, pp. 592–593. ^ a b c d e f Massie 1981, p. 593. ^ a b Massie 1981, p. 594. ^ Massie 1981, pp. 594–595. ^ a b c d e Massie 1981, p. 595. ^ Massie 1981, pp. 595–596. ^ a b c d Massie 1981, p. 596. ^ Massie 1981, pp. 596–597. ^ Liljegren, B., 2000. Karl XII: En biografi. p 213.

Bibliography Browning, Oscar (1899), Charles XII of Sweden, London: Hurst and Blackett, Limited Gade, John Allyne (1916), "XVIII: The Kalabalik", Charles the Twelfth, King of Sweden, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt: The Riverside Press Cambridge Massie, Robert K. (1981), "45: The Kalabalik", Peter the Great: His Life and World, New York City: Ballantine Books, ISBN 0345298063 Nilsson, Victor Alfred (1899), "XIII: Period of Political Grandeur—Charles XII", Sweden, Peter Fenelon Collier & Son Topelius, Zacharias (1884), "IV: Headquarters at Borgå", The Surgeon's Stories: A series of Swedish Historical Romances, In Six Cycles, Third cycle: Times of Charles XII, Chicago, IL: Jansen, McClurg, & Company