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Things to add to Brenda Milner

Important Studies:

Recent:

Memory for object features versus memory for object location: a positron-emission tomography study of encoding and retrieval processes "These findings confirm that, in human subjects, memory for object features is mediated by a distributed system that includes ventral prestriate cortex and both anterior and posterior regions of the inferior temporal gyrus. In contrast, memory for the locations of objects appears to be mediated by an anatomically distinct system that includes more dorsal regions of prestriate cortex and posterior regions of the parietal lobe."-1966

The role of early left-brain injury in determining lateralization of cerebral speech functions.

The frontal cortex and memory for temporal order- 1991


 * Brenda Milner

Early Live and Education
“Brenda Milner (formerly Langford) was born on July 15, 1918, in Manchester, England.” Milner’s father was a musical critic, journalist, and teacher and her mother was a singing student.

Marriage
Prior to Milner’s master’s degree she met her husband, Peter Milner. He was an electrical engineer who had also been recruited for the war effort. In 1944 they married and left England for Canada. “Peter was invited to Canada to work with physicists on atomic research.” Their move to Canada brought Milner to new opportunities for her and neuropsychology. “When she found herself in Montreal, her knowledge of French was an immediate asset, enabling her to obtain a position at the Université de Montréal in the newly formed Institut de Psychologie, where she set up a laboratory and taught comparative and experimental psychology from 1944 to 1952.”

Life Achievements
Milner Published an article in the McGill University Psychological Bulletin in 1954 entitled “Intellectual Function of the Temporal Lobes”; within this publication she brought to light that temporal lobe damage can cause emotional and intellectual changes in humans and lower primates.

The year following the publication of “Intellectual Function of the Temporal Lobes” she met the patient H.M. Milner was invited to Hartford to study H.M., “who had undergone a bilateral temporal lobectomy that included removal of major portions of the hippocampus.” In the early stages of her work with H.M., Milner wanted to completely understand his memory impairments. Trying to see what she could teach him Milner spent three days with him reproducing a drawing of a star by looking at it in a mirror. His performance improved over those three days however Milner stated, "He had absolutely no memory of all these trials he had been through… there was a total dissociation between his experience and his excellent performance.” This led Milner to speculate that learning is dependent on another system of the brain and applies to other motor skill learning. Milner stated in an interview with the McGill Journal of Medicine, “To see that HM had learned the task perfectly but with absolutely no awareness that he had done it before was an amazing dissociation. If you want to know what was an exciting moment of my life, that was one."

Awards/Honours
Milner was awarded a Sarah Smithson Research Studentship by Newnham College, Cambridge after her graduation, which allowed her to attended Newnham for the following two years.

Current Life/Research
“[Milner] is Professor of Psychology in the Montreal Neurological Institute and Professor in the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery at McGill University.” Currently 92 and she is continually researching to this day. “Dr. Milner's research interests have led her to the company of Denise Klein, an assistant professor in the Neurology/Cognitive Neuroscience unit at McGill.” Their current research entails investigating if the same brain pathways are used to acquire new languages as native languages.