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Kenesary Khan Санат:Алфавит бойынша тұлғалар Kenesary Kasymuly(1802,Kokshetau-1847,Kyrgyzstan)-the statesman, the military commander, the leader of the national liberation movement of the Kazakh people in 1837-1847, the last khan of the Kazakh Khanate (1841 - 1847). Kenesary is the grandson of Abylai Khan, the 27th generation of Genghis Khan.

Childhood
There were thirty sons of Abylai Khan who set up his orda in Kokshetau. Kenesary is reared as a rugged, hard-working, adapting to the tradition of nomadic military nobility, such as his other brothers. The courageous personality of one's personality, the uniqueness, the steadfastness and perseverance of the achievement of the goals he has set before his early leadership.

Kenesar's political views were closely interconnected with the character of relations between Russia and the Kazakh Khanate, which began during the reign of Peter I during the Russian Empire. The Russian Empire paid special attention to the necessity to include it in Russia as it considers the Kazakh Khanate to be the head of all the Asian countries and territories. Forcible expulsion of the Kazakh Khanate into the empire was accompanied by its prosperity. The peculiarity of the Russian colonialism is that "after the Russian soldier was accompanied by Russian slaves, he was trying to turn his occupation into a Russian land" (M. Shokai).This process, which has been accelerated since the time of Abylai Khan's, has deeply frustrated young Sultan Kenesary's sense of national independence. The King's Government's 1822 "Siberian Kazakhs Charter" aimed at destroying the khanate, the traditional power model, and integrating the Kazakh land into a universal governance system. To this end, the Russian peasants began to settle in the Kazakh steppes. Uali Khan (1781 - 1821), who came to power after Abylay khan, agreed to start the construction of the city in the Kokshetau valley. After the death of Uali, his son, Khan, was dismissed by the Russian government and destroyed the khanate in the middle.

He captured Gibidolla and settled in Siberia. In this regard, Kenesary complained about the violation of the written agreement between Russia and Abylai Khan. His opinion was supported by his father, Kassym's siblings, and many Kazakh heroes, who said, "If Allah adds, we will unite the Kazakhs, and we will achieve the same degree as Abylai." They wanted to fight against Russia with the Kokan Khan, but their hopes were not fulfilled. On the contrary, in 1836, Kasym's brother, Sarzhan, was killed by the instructions of the Kokan governor.

1840 father Kasym was killed. Kenesary sought to restore the territorial integrity of the Kazakh Khanate under the authority of Abylai Khan and preserve the independence of the regions not included in Russia. Before the war started against the colonists, K. repeatedly made diplomatic steps: Nikolai I to the tsar, the governors of Orenburg genealogy V.A. Perovsky, VA In Obruchev, the Siberian Governor-General P.D.Gorchakov. He sent a letter to Gorchakov. Kenesary, as a clever politician and military commander, understood well that the enemy had a strong armed force, so he was carefully prepared for the war.This is reflected in the policy of integrating the Kazakhs into one goal, the engagement of Russian and other craftsmen for the implementation of weapons, including guns. About 20,000 soldiers were assembled for Kenesary. In addition to the Middle Juz tribes, the Minor's limestone, tama, herd, alchemy, bucket, lid, coast, etc. tribes of the Great Silk, Dulph, etc. tribe. Aghay, Iman, Bassagara, Angal, Zhanaidar, Private, Suranshi, Baiseit, Zholaman, Bukharbay, Mynzhasar, etc., in Kenesar's enemy camp. Heroes fought hard. Military movements in 1838 Akmola began the attack on the Aktau fortress.The rebels burned the castles. Kenesary expanded the range of war through Torgai to the Small Junction. 1841 In September, Kenesary was elected the khan of the Kazakh people at the meeting of the representatives of three hundred. This year Kenesary's troops took the fortresses of Sokak, Zhanakorgan, and Akmeshak owned by the Kokand Khanate. 1843 The Russian government has organized a large-scale military campaign against Kenesary. Kenesar's armies defeated the Kazakh sultans several times over the Russian army and on the Russian side.But the more powerful enemy of the military forces forced the Kenesary soldiers to go back to Zhetysu. In the battle for freedom, Kenesary demanded that the Kyrgyz menopause be subordinated. However, the masters who were in secret with the king's rulers did not obey him. Kenesary attacked the Kyrgyz, who refused to obey. Kenesary and her brother, Nauryzbay's enemies, fall into the hands of their supporters. Kenesary is killed in a brutal manner. His enemies cut off his head and send it to the Russian administration.Prince Gorchakov orders to keep the head of Kenesar on the launch of "The Kenesary rebellion" at the headquarters of Western Siberia.

Insurrection
Since 1827, the descendants of Ablai have been active in the struggle for the liberation of the Kazakh Khanate from the dominion of Russia. The troops of Kenesary's father Kassym and his eldest brother, Sarzhan, attacked Russian villages and caravans, liberated Kazakh villages from the colonial blockade.

Kenesary Kassymov, the successor to them, has done a lot of work to fill the minds of the people with the state independence. He understood that he would be able to overcome the enemy in the protection of the interests of the state and lead the people to qualify for independence. Kenesary Kassymuly managed to consolidate the most admired consultants and heroes around him, the most authoritative, active citizens against the colonial oppression.1838 Akmola began the attack on the Aktau fortress. The rebels burned the castles. Kenesary expanded the range of war through Torgai to the Small Junction. 1841 In September, Kenesary was elected the khan of the Kazakh people at the meeting of the representatives of three hundred. This year, Kenesar's troops took Suzak, Zhanakorgan, and Akmeshit, in the Kokand Khanate. 1843 The Russian government has organized a large-scale military campaign against Kenesary. Kenesar's armies defeated the Kazakh sultans several times over the Russian army and on the Russian side.Sultan Kenesary, first of all, defeated the army of the Horoung Rytov, who guarded the caravan of 1837 merchants. The Kenesary's first large-scale operation began on May 26, 1838, surrounding the fortress of Akmola and burning. The head of the prisoner, the senior sergeant Karbyshev and the senior Sultan of the Akmola region Konyrkulja, escaped death from the death of God. Kenesary is now in Turgay. Kenesary Kasymovic wrote in his letters to the king's representatives that he was trying to bring this action closer to the borders of Russia, thereby simplifying the negotiation process.In fact, the main purpose of the hero was 1836-38. The Junior Zhuzi nationwide uprising, which was held by the national liberation movement under the leadership of Isatai Taimanovich. Kenesar of 1840 had to abandon his idea of ​​a trip to Tashkent. Because of the infectious diseases among the soldiers. In a nightmare on July 21, 1844, Kenesary's arm broke down the armies of Ahmet Jantoroire. In the Battlefield, 44 sultan died in support of the king's government. Dankikovsky was unable to do anything because he was afraid to approach the troops of Kenesar, who came to help Jantoroev.In 1845 the Kenesary khan army seized the Merke fortress. This year, by the order of the king, the Dolgov and Guern embassy arrived in Kenesary village. The two sides could not reach agreement. Kenesary refused to comply with all the king's demands, as the king's rule put forward irrelevant claims to the exclusion of previous revolts.

White felt
Kenesary Khan was elected in 1841, his main policy was to restore the Kazakh khanate. Kenesary introduced the basic rules of Sharia in ruling the state, and also restored the court of the judges. The khan, who knows the ways of strengthening the state and his army, has approved the rules of Muslim law. Tax policy was also aimed at collecting it effectively.

After the Kenesary khan's throne in 1841, the rebellion intensified the military action, surrounded the Zulkim, Akmeshit, Zhanakorgan and Suzak fortresses, where the powerful forces of the Kokand were fortified.

Kenesary realized that his main goal was to fight against the common enemy threefold in order to achieve freedom. However, during the period of national liberation struggle in the period of 1844-45 the Kazakhs were not fully integrated. At the start of the rebellion, Kazakhs were divided into two opposing groups: One was on Kenesar, the other supported the tsar's policy.

In 1846, the Russian troops and the colonial army of the Kazakh sultans withdrew from the territory of the Junior and Middle Ages.

Kenesary Kassymuly was a khan, a politician, a diplomat, able to unite a large part of the Kazakh tribes under his flag. The total number of his troops has sometimes reached 20,000. Many sultans and dances of the Middle Ages were added to the people's uprising.

The popular uprising, led by Kenesary, was extensive, it was in the 18th century. the end of the 19th century. From other movements in the way of liberation, the Kazakh tribes are distinguished by the fact that they occupy most of the main districts.

Kenesary paid special attention to the state structure, introduced new structures and regulations in the country's governance, and restored the destroyed structures. He has strict discipline in the army. In order to adapt the army to long-wave battles, he established the structure of the tribal separation by thousands and hundreds. He relied on intelligence agents who needed information, used effective methods of political struggle and diplomacy. The state's domestic policy was under strict control of the Khan, and inter-tribal conflicts were settled.

The fall of the empire
The United national liberation movement of the Kazakhs of the three zhuzes greatly worried Russia. July 27, 1843 Nicholas signed a decree that the Empire should not be another state that allows the most large-scale military movements against the Kazakh khanate.

During the struggle with khan's troops and sultans, have not entered into a compromise,in 1843-44 Kenesary participated in the battles with the Imperial armies and sultans, despite some number of victories, he was forced to retreat. At the end of the XIX century Kenesary occupied the territory of the Great Zhuz, bordering the Kyrgyz land. The next direction of the Khan was to raise the Kyrgyz people to a common struggle against Russian colonialism, but it was a strong reflection on the part of the manaps.

Kenesary was killed in the battle of Tokmok. His historical merit - preserving the traditions and customs of the Kazakh people, mobilized him to fight for freedom and independence. The politics and ideology of Kenesary Khan was directed to the solution of actual problems on the development of the nation.

Foreign policy
In foreign policy Kenesary established allied and military relations with the Central Asian khans.Father Kasym-tore maintained relations with the Kokand khanate.But my father and uncle were killed by Kokand men, and then he was arrested.Khan Kokand Muhammad Alikhan freed him from captivity and returned to his family and property.Kenesary started to rivnomu khanate.The Khan of Khiva Allakuli greeted him with respect and offered to create a social Union.But, accepting this offer, do not forget about yourself.Amhara Nasrullah Khan offered an Alliance against Khiva.Kenesary Khan offered him an Alliance against death.Thus,the two Kenesary in 1944 he was drafted into the Soviet army.After the collapse of the Khan's power, the tsarist government did not recognize him as Khan.Kenesary was negotiating with the Empire of the world.1841-1843. Kenesary and the Russian Empire reached a peaceful agreement.But, as the Governor of Orenburg, came Obruchev,was terminated the arrangement on the world, and began the attempt of punishment against Kenesary.

In 1844, on behalf of the Orenburg Governor, a member of the border Commission Baymukhanbet zhamanshi Arrived as an Ambassador and handed a letter to the Khan Obruchev.Headed by Gern and Dolgov arrived Embassy of the Royal government.The purpose of the Embassy: subordination Kenesary Russia and the implementation of its requirements.Kenesary also indicated their demands.Due to the fact that both sides did not recognize each other's demands, this dialogue did not yield results.Kenesary forgot Kyrgyz.But he didn't want to create an Alliance with advisers of Khan Kenesary,sending their people to Romanskom Khan.Then Kenesary chose China.The Embassy has sent to the Emperor Daoguan.Daoguan He promised to rebuild relations with Abylay Khan.

Death
After the uprising Kenesary arrived on the land of the Middle juz.But before that, Russia has thought through decisive actions, and it is impossible to continue the fight in the middle Zhuz.Then the left decided to go to the Great Zhuz.At the brother of the great Zhuz Nauryzbay hundred guys sent them to resettlement of the nomad.Rustem Sultan promised to accept Nauryzbay,allocate land and support Kenesary.In 1846, Khan has gone out of the Middle Zhuz.He began negotiations with the Kyrgyz Manapov arriving in the territory of the Great juz.They promised to support the Khan, in principle, conducted a double policy.On both sides at the time when the Kyrgyz killed sauryk Batyr.In April 1847, in response to their actions Kenesary invaded Kyrgyzstan 15-thousand army.This attack was very tough, and the Kyrgyz began to prepare for war.In the city of Maitoba - In Partridge-Sangira under the guidance of the forest the battle with the Kyrgyz manapol.But during the battle the Sultan Rustem and Sypatai bought left and took most of his army.The battle lasted several days.Kenesary was detained in captivity for three months, as the Kyrgyz did not know what to do with him.Then it was decided to kill him.Earlier imbas asks permission to pray in the eyes of Kenesary.Since the beginning of the year in Russia.Its beginning Kyrgyz manab gave Governor-General of Western Siberia Gorchakov a letter written with a wax seal of Ormon, and wanted to show the loyalty of the Kyrgyz to the Russian Empire.

Works of poets and writers about Kenesary
In the late XIX-early XX centuries Kenesary remained in the memory of the people as a politician, figure, the largest compromise, a talented military leader, who called to recreate the independent statehood of the Kazakh people, to save the people from citizenship, to unite the people, to achieve freedom and freedom. Kenesary in the struggle for life and freedom of many writers, poets and gifts to works. The book contains statements of famous people-serious and humorous, philosophical and sarcastic-fully reflecting the essence of men. 1875 under the leadership of Sultan Zhanturin" in the records of the Orenburg branch of the Russian geographical society " was published in Russian. In the 30-ies of the 20th century. M. the Play "Khan Kene" Auezov (banned after posing on the stage), 60 years of I. Esenberlin wrote the novel "Kakhar". In the first studies were presented on the theme" revolt of the Kazakh Sultan Kenesary Kasymov".Mid-1870 the Book" Herald of Europe " is of great importance as a source. In 1888 In Tashkent under the name "Kenesary and Sadyk" the collection of memoirs of Sultan Akhmet Kenesarin was also published. During the Soviet period, K. was based on the path of struggle. the scientist-historian, who devoted his research to E. Bekmakhanov ("Kazakhstan in the 20 – 40s of the XIX century", 1947) was subjected to political repression. P. a new look at the personality, to give its true assessment was possible only after Kazakhstan became an independent state. Historians (Zh. Kasymbaev, T. B.) published his research. 2002 international scientific conference dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Kenesary's birth. There is a monument to Kenesary Khan in Astana and it is called by his name.