User:Sswartout13/sandbox

1) The lead gives the overall idea of the article but it has room to be re-worded/ re-formatted. The author talks about the different species that has internal fertilization and to better organize this article I will make subsections as I have done below of all the different species that use internal fertilization.

2) There is not much to the rest of the article. This is why I would like to add more sections because right now there is only 2 sub-topics below. One of the topics is method's of internal fertilization high I think is useful but within the methods there should be the different species that use that method.

3)The article is on topic there is just not much to what the article contains. SO to be able to add more clarification will help better this article and balance it out more. The article is factual based and not trying to have one particular point of view.

4)It is neutral I don't think that you could really be biased one way or another with this topic.

5)All the sources are reliable they are peer reviewed articles or a book. But for as little information there is in the article there is a lot of sources cited. So there most likely is a lot of different point of views coming into play.

6) I think how they describe the main points of internal fertilization is easy to understand for the general person. The changes I plan to make to the article is to re-word some things to make it flow better. Also to re-organize the article and add more subtopics to it so the article is easier to navigate. The most important thing I can do to this article is add the sub-topics about each type of species that has internal fertilization.

Fish
Some species of fish like guppies have the ability to internally fertilize, this process happens by the male inserting a tubular fin into the female’s reproductive opening and then will deposit sperm into her reproductive tract. There are other species of fish that are mouthbrooders which means that one fish puts the eggs in its mouth for incubation. A certain type of fish that is a mouthbrooder is called cichlids and many of them are maternal mouthbrooders. The process for this is the female would lay the egg and pick it up in her mouth. Then the males will encourage the female to open her mouth so they can fertilize the eggs while it’s in the female’s mouth. Internal fertilization in cartilaginous fishes contains the same evolutionary origin as reptiles, birds, and mammals that internally fertilize. Also in these internally fertilizing fish while the sperm is transferred to the reproductive tract there is no noticeable change in tonality.

Amphibians
Most amphibians have external fertilization but there is an exception to some like salamanders which mostly have internal fertilization. Male salamanders don't have a penis to insert and deposit sperm inside females. Their alternate for that consists of an encased capsule of sperm and nutrients called a spermatophore. The male will deposit a spermatophore on the ground and the female will pick it up with her cloaca (a combined urinary and genital opening) and fertilize her eggs with it. Over time amphibians have been found evolving to increasing internal fertilization. Within amphibians, it is common for high vertebrates to internally fertilize because of the transition from water to land during vertebrate evolution. There is an advantage for the amphibians who are internally fertilizing allowing for the selection of a time and place for reproduction.

Birds
The male species tends to lack penises so they reproduce by internally fertilizing. Birds use their cloacal contact which is the birds kissing. The cloaca is their mouth so to start the process they connect their cloacas and the male transfer's the sperm to the female's mouth. Although most birds don't have a penis some bird species do like ducks and geese and use their penis for internal fertilization. Being the only vertebrate taxon with internal fertilization, the bird’s intromittent phallus has been lost in most species. The phallus is a penis and being an evolution without this makes them have to be internally fertilized.