User:StAnselm/Continuing Presbyterian

Continuing Presbyterian churches are Christian denominations that form when a church union between different denominations occurs and members or congregations do not wish to join the new denomination but instead choose to continue the heritage and identity of their old denomination. The phrase is sometimes used by denominations that separate from a parent body and wish to express their faithfulness to the denomination's heritage.

Examples
Continuing churches are present in Australia, Canada, Scotland, and the United States. Examples include the Free Church of Scotland (1900), the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (1906), the Presbyterian Church in Canada (1925), the United Free Church of Scotland (1929), the Presbyterian Church in America (1973), and the Presbyterian Church of Australia (1977).

An examples of a denomination that separated from a parent body rather than staying out of a union is the Free Church of Scotland (Continuing). In the case of the Presbyterian Church in America, it separated from the Presbyterian Church in the United States in 1973, ten years before that body merged with the United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America to form the Presbyterian Church (USA).

Legal issues
Some continuing churches have been embroiled in legal disputes with parent bodies over property and/or the right to use the original denominational name. In Canada, the United Church of Canada Act expressly stipulated that the "Presbyterian Church in Canada" had ceased to exist, but the continuing Presbyterians continued to use the name and the Act was amended in 1939 to recognize their right to do so. Conversely, the Presbyterian Church of Australia was recognized as a continuing church in the Presbyterian Church of Australia Act of 1971, before the church union occurred.

The continuing Free Church of Scotland entered into a protracted legal dispute with the United Free Church of Scotland after the majority of the Free Church entered into church union with the United Presbyterian Church in 1900. This was finally resolved by the Bannatyne v. Overtoun decision in 1904. The court ruled that the continuing church was the "true heir of the previous denomination's properties."

Character
Many continuing churches have found their identity in a commitment to their denominational tradition's historic doctrinal standards. For example, the Presbyterian Church in America resolved to maintain the "historic doctrinal position of the Reformed faith as expressed in the Westminster Standards." M. H. Ogilvie notes that the continuing Presbyterians in Canada "clung to the inherited marks of Presbyterianism: the subordinate standard of the Westminster Confession of Faith, the Presbyterian polity of government by church courts and perhaps a dash of the Covenanting spirit. The continuing Presbyterian Church of Australia also "remained committed to Presbyterian polity and affirmed a more conservative Reformed theological stance." One the other hand, motivations on the part of individuals and congregations for staying out of church unions was often mixed. Some continuing Presbyterians in Australia and Canada (described as the "haggis and bagpipe" group) were "Scots nationalists who regarded the kirk and their ethnic inheritance as Scots as being coterminous."