User:Stanguo/sandbox

Subgoal labeling is a process in which lower-level steps of a worked example are grouped into a meaningful unit and labeled. This labeling help learners identify the structural information from incidental information. Learning subgoals can reduce cognitive load when problem solving because the learner has fewer possible problem-solving steps to focus. Subgoal-labeled worked examples might provide learners with mental model frameworks. In a recent study, Learners who were given labels for subgoals used those labels when explaining how they solved a problem, suggesting that's how they mentally organized the information.

Introduction
Generally problem solving adopts a very procedural approach. Problem solving in the areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) has been highly procedural. The best approach so far is to teach these procedures through instructional text accompanied by specific worked examples. The role of instructional text is to define and describe the problem solving procedures whereas how to apply these procedures is shown through worked examples. Students can learn from step-by-step approach of worked examples which later can be helpful to them in solving similar problems on their own. When the number of steps are too high to solve a problem it presents students with cognitive load where they find it difficult to distinguish domain specific information and the information specific to solving that problem. This cognitive load can be reduced by use of subgoal labeling which is achieved by grouping a number of steps under a label. This approach can be helpful to students to form a mental model of the domain related problem which later can guide them to solve different problems in that domain. Understanding the structure of worked example can help students identify the similarities between different problems thus encouraging self-explanation and learning.

Edit Summary
This is the first version of this page and work is in progress. We are planning to add more details to the lead section by the end of this week.