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Marcus Vipsanius (or Vipranius) was an ancient Roman man of the late Roman Republic mentioned by Suetonius who criticised the language of the Aeneid, and called its author Virgil a puppet of the politician Maecenas (who was an associate and advisor of the emperor Augustus). His statement may be the only known contemporary criticism of the Aeneid to survive. The exact name and identity of this individual subject to controversy. Some historians identify him as the general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, who like Maecenas was a close friend of Augustus, while others are critical of the idea and regard him as a separate individual, with some instead arguing for an identification with an obscure grammaticus.
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Attestation
The 7th century Spanish bishop and saint Isidore of Seville mentions a Vipsanius who is sometimes assumed to be the same man as above, he credits this Vipsanius as an early creator of Tironian notes after Marcus Tullius Tiro, among others.

Identification
Marcus Agrippa personally disliked being referred to by his obscure nomen gentilicium Vipsanius and avoided its use. It would also have been odd to mention him without including his best well known name Agrippa. Donatus' Vita 44 says M. Vipranius, but it is widely assumed to be a corruption in the text, and is nearly always corrected to Vipsanius. The name Vipranius is otherwise unattested.

Harry Jocelyn disagreed with majority opinion, and asserted that the original is correct. Oliver Lyne agreed with Jocelyn's article, underscoring that the individual's name should not be amended to "Vipsanius", nor should he be identified with Agrippa. P. T. Eden disagreed with Jocelyn that the name should not be amended, but held that it was unlikely that such a blunt man as Agrippa would have expressed himself with such technical terms (worthy of Quintilian) on poetry, and that if it was actually Agrippa, then he probably derived his opinion from Quintus Caecilius Epirota, who was the first to lecture on Vergil.

Nicholas Horsfall has pointed out that Agrippa is not the only Vipsanius with whom it is possible to identify the critic. For example, an otherwise unknown grammarian Vipsanius is mentioned by Isidore; but Horsfall emphasizes, in contrast to Eden, that Agrippa was not an unlettered man. On the other hand, he notes that Agrippa probably would not jeer at Vergil for having been enfranchised by Maecenas, since he himself was elevated from an obscure family, and would be unlikely to draw attention to it by this kind of comment. Gian Biagio Conte shares Horsfall's opinion, and regards an identification with the grammarian as possible. Peter White also opined that this Vipsanius should probably not be assumed to be the general Agrippa, but perhaps instead with the grammarian, as the general disliked using his nomen.

A freedman of Agrippa named Philargius or Philargyrus is mentioned by the historian Suetonius once in De Viris Illusribus, and as freedmen of Roman patrons took on their nomen and often their praenomen, this man was plausibly called "Marcus Vipsanius Philargius" and some historians such as have interpeted Isidore's text to mean that the grammarian "Vipsanius" and the grammarian "Philargius" were not separate people but one man going by both nomen and cognomen. but ___ believes the "Philargius" mentioned by Isidore is Junius Philargyrius, an early commentator of Virgil's Bucolica and Georgica but this requires one to assume Isidore did not name the men in chronological order (which is generally accepted) as Aquila mentioned after "Philargius" lived many centuries earlier than Junius.

Meyer Reinhold is uncertain if the man mentioned by Suetonius in De Viris Illusribus is the same man as the grammarian mentioned by Isidore but thinks it is possible the grammarian was nonetheless a freedman of Agrippa.

(The Aenid paints Agrippa and his ancestry in a good light) On the other hand Maecenas is neither mentioned or alluded to in the work, nor is his ancestors.