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Egypt test
 * During the Old Kingdom, the following was included on each coffin: the title of the deceased, a list of offerings, a false compartment through which ka could pass through, and painted eyes so that the deceased could look through the coffin.
 * Anthropoid coffins soon emerged, which were tailored to the contour of the deceased's body. The deceased's face and hair was painted onto the coffin so to personalize it further.
 * During the Old Kingdom, the following was included on each coffin: the title of the deceased, a list of offerings, a false compartment through which ka could pass through, and painted eyes so that the deceased could look through the coffin.
 * Anthropoid coffins soon emerged, which were tailored to the contour of the deceased's body. The deceased's face and hair was painted onto the coffin so to personalize it further.

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References for Software engineer
Rules for licensing engineers in various states. Some states use the term professional or licensed engineer:
 * Florida


 * Georgia


 * New Jersey "The following words and terms, when used in this chapter, shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly indicates otherwise: ... "Engineer" or "professional engineer" means a person who has been duly licensed as a professional engineer by the Board."

All American states license professional engineers and require their oversight of projects involving public safety.

Florida limits the "practice of engineering" and calling oneself a "licensed engineer" or "professional engineer" or equivalent to those licensed by its state board. Employees of defense, space, or aerospace companies are exempt from the requirement.

Georgia --- Employees who are supervised by licensed engineers or are employed by the federal government or a defense, aviation, space, or aerospace company are exempt from the requirements.

New Jersey ...

Limitation using "practice of engineering" statement extending beyond describing oneself as a "professional engineer" adding "The person holds the person’s self out as able to perform, or who does perform, any service or work included in the practice of engineering."(Iowa)


 * Iowa
 * New Jersey - "professional engineering" clause.

Limitation is on the use of the term "professional engineer"
 * Minnesota
 * Wisconsin - see definition (6) which is in its standard form. Also the exemptions include companies who manufacture products as long as the products do not include buildings.

Saved draft material
Stanley Bruckenstein (November 2 1927- ) is retired analytical chemist and chemistry educator. Piet Koltoff, the founder of modern analytical chemistry, molded and steered his career until 1968, when Stanley flew out of the nest to SUNYAB.

Fourth Edition "Quantitative Chemical Analysis," coauthored by Professors Piet Koltofff, Sandell, E. J. Meehan, and S. Bruckenstein.

Early Life and Family
Stanley  (1927) was born in Brooklyn, NY. His father, Max, was a first-generation Romanian furrier. His entrepreneurial, Yiddish mother, Rose, immigrated from Ukraine. She ran poker games in the Lower East Side garment district and sublet apartments, violating NYC rent control regulations. His older brother, Bernie, was a brilliant engineering student drafted during  WWII. After returning stateside, he got married and became a furrier.

Stanley married Phyllis Yavel (1950). They had three children: Barbara, David, and Lisa (Cole).

His grandson, J. Max Kanter (1993) graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) Computer Science and AI Lab Feature Labs developed world-class, automated feature engineering capabilities, which eliminate the otherwise time-consuming, manual processes for data scientists. Alteryx leveraged these technologies to expand its code-free and code-friendly modeling and assisted modeling capabilities. . Alteryx aquired Feature Labs in 2020. Max Kanter founded GridStatus in  2022.

Career
Stanley Bruckenstein earned his PhD in chemistry (1954) at the Institute of Technology at the University of Minnesota.

Iz.Kolthoff and J.Koskikallio nominated him for the Nobel Prize in 1967. - no, Koskikallio nominated Kolthoff and Bruckenstein

Research
Bruckenstein worked in several diverse areas of chemistry. Stanley Bruckenstein practiced  Piet Kolthoff's radical scientific approach to analysis, which is now the standard.

They included acid-base titrimetry, electrometric analysis and conductometry, potentiometry, electron transfer, gravimetric analysis, precipitation reactions, polarographic analysis (voltammetry), amperometric titrations, and emulsion polymerization, among others. His reputation for combining fundamental theory and practical application in his work were characteristic throughout his career.[4]

Teaching

Bruckenstein mentored doctoral students in chemistry at the University of Minnesota and SUNYAB. His graduate students included Robert Hillman, Professor of Physical Chemistry at University of Leicester.

Professional contributions
He received numerous awards, including the Reilley Award, the leading U.S. electrochemistry award, and the American Chemical Society Award in electrochemistry. He served on many journal editorial boards and boards at the National Science Foundation, the National Academy of Science, the StanlFood and Drug Administration, and the Electrochemical Society.

Position in History

Under the sponsorship of Piet Koltoff, Bruckenstein was a key player in the development of the rotating electrode. The theoretical foundation goes to Russians Frumkin and Levich. The idea of instrumentation, initially developed in the Soviet Union during the Cold War,  became widely known as a powerful electroanalytical tool via the publication of a seminal series of theoretical papers by Albery, Bruckenstein, Johnson, and Napp.



Personal life and activism
In 1963,  Piet Koltoff dispatched Stanley Bruckenstein, under the aegis of the NSF, to open communication between the USSR and American nuclear scientists. During World War II, Kolthoff worked with the Rockefeller Foundation to relocate European scientists who were persecuted by Nazis to universities in the U.S. Following World War II, he traveled to the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia to build cooperation with scientists there.[1] They lived in a  KGB ‘guarded’  hotel called Hotel South (гостиница южная ). The French engineers who built  Chernobyl Nuclear Reactors lived next door.

Basement  in Minneapolis part of the Cold War Civil Defense Effort

Civil defense strategies proposed at the start of the Eisenhower administration (1953) shifted from bomb shelters to the more economical option of mass evacuation, in which urban populations, under local government direction, would transport themselves out of their cities by automobile in orderly waves upon receiving news of an incoming attack. Given the ever-diminishing warning time implicit in intercontinental ballistic missile technology (nuclear weapons could now be guided and self-propelled over long distances, no longer delivered by relatively slow bomber aircraft)—and the logistical and traffic problems inherent in the idea to begin with—Stanley spoke openly to his family that if the bomb fell, nobody would survive.

Believing that nuclear testing contaminated cattle feed grains, his children were discouraged from drinking dairy products.

Awards and honors
Bruckenstein was the recipient of many awards, honorary degrees, and other honors throughout his career, some of which are listed below.

Overview

He has distinguished himself as a teacher, mentor, and researcher through his contributions in analytical chemistry. The fields of study Stanley Bruckenstein are best known for are quartz, electrochemistry, and acetic acid (Research.com, n.d.). Bruckenstein is a Professor Emeritus at the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo, n.d.), where he was chairman and Conger Goodyear Professor. He was also an associate and full professor of chemistry at the University of Minnesota from 1955-1968 (University of Minnesota History, n.d.). His academic career began at the University of Minnesota as an instructor. He was promoted rapidly and went on to become the Chief of the Division of Analytical Chemistry, which was the top school for research in the field of analytical chemistry at the time.

His career has been marked by significant strides in electroanalytical and physical electrochemistry. His studies began at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, where he earned his BS in 1950. Four years later, he would acquire his PhD. from the University of Minnesota, setting the foundation for his in-depth exploration of Chemistry.

Bruckenstein's interests were diverse yet highly focused. They span from developing new analytical techniques, sensors, and instrumentation, to experimenting with solid electrodes and electroactive polymers. His studies are focused on understanding the workings of processes at solid electrodes and the redox switching of polymers, among others.

His research has profound applications, from creating newer and better analytical methods and electrochemical sensors, to developing energy storage devices; his efforts have paved the way for technological progress. Notably, his research on viscoelastic molecules, often of biological origin, aims to make breakthroughs using quartz crystal microbalances.

Bruckenstein worked extensively on electroactive polymers and their application in analytical sensors, energy storage devices, and medical devices. He has also made discoveries regarding fractional atom layers and their thermodynamics and kinetics.

Prof. Stanley Bruckenstein’s scholarship and academic leadership has been pivotal in chemistry. He has subsequently mentored other leading minds in chemistry, including Emmanuel Aouad of Essex University, Ketack Kim of SUNY Buffalo, Denise C. Johns of Iowa State, Kenneth C. Kanige of SUNY Buffalo, Xiangqun Zeng of Oakland University, Ho Yeon Yoo of the Research Foundation for the State University of New York. (Chemistry Tree, n.d.)

Awards

His brilliance has garnered him numerous accolades. Some of these include fellowship at the American Academy of Sciences and the Electrochemical Society, the Faraday Medal (Goldbaum, 1994) from the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Charles N. Reilly Award and the Distinguished Service Award, among others.


 * Outstanding Achievement Award Recipient - Institute of Technology, 2010


 * Fellow of the American Academy of Sciences, 2006
 * Fellow of the Electrochemical Society, Inc., 1999
 * Electrochemistry, Analytical Division of American Chemical Society, 1997

Faraday Medal, Electrochemical Group, Royal Society of Chemistry, 1994 - The Faraday Medal is given every two years to a distinguished electrochemist who is working outside the United Kingdom. Bruckenstein accepted the award in September 1994, in Edinburgh, Scotland. Along with the award he gave a lecture on "Studies of Monolayer and Thicker Electrode Surface Films Using the Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance." (Goldbaum, 1994)


 * Charles N. Reilly Award of the Society for Electrochemistry, 1991 - Leading U.S. award for electrochemistry (University of Minnesota History, n.d.)
 * Heyrovsky Centennial Medal, Heyrovsky Centennial Congress on Polarography, 1988
 * Jacob F. Schoellkopf Award, Western New York Section of the ACS, 1987
 * Distinguished Service Award, Analytical Group of the Western New York Section of the ACS and Niagara Frontier Section of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, 1974
 * Silver Medal in Analytical Chemistry of Hiroshima University, Japan, 1972

Stanley Bruckenstein has served on many journal editorial boards and on boards at the National Science Foundation, National Academy of Science, Food and Drug Administration, and the Electrochemical Society.

Publications

Stanley Bruckenstein is an accomplished author and editor, publishing 215 papers, which have been cited 13,260 times. He has an h-index of 60 and i10-index of 207 (Google Scholar, n.d.), which is related to his publishing, citations, and academic standing.

He co-authored the textbook Quantitative Chemical Analysis (Amazon, n.d.), with I.M. Kolthoff E.B. Sandell, and E.J. Meehan published in 1969. The book is well known and respected, considered the top text in its field (University of Minnesota History, n.d.).

Translating his work into words, Bruckenstein's publications cover in-depth studies on electroactive polymers, redox reagents, PEDOT, and many more topics relating to electrochemistry. It is safe to say that Stanley Bruckenstein's work has left an indelible mark on the field of Chemistry.

Stanley Bruckenstein’s most cited workx include:


 * Experimental aspects of use of the quartz crystal microbalance in solution, S. Bruckenstein;M. Shay. Electrochimica Acta (1985) (1078 citations)
 * Ring-disc electrodes. Part 2.—Theoretical and experimental collection efficiencies, WJ Albery, S Bruckenstein, Transactions of the Faraday Society 62, 1920-1931 (398 citations)
 * A ring-disk electrode study of the current/potential behaviour of platinum in 1.0 M sulphuric and 0.1 M perchloric acids, Stanley Bruckenstein, Michael Shay, Journal of electroanalytical chemistry and interfacial electrochemistry (1985) (326 citations) (Research.com, n.d.)

Experimental aspects of use of the quartz crystal microbalance in solution, S. Bruckenstein, M. Shay, Electrochimica Acta, Volume 30, Issue 10, October 1985, Pages 1295-1300 (Bruckenstein, 1985)

Ring-disc electrodes. Part 2.—Theoretical and experimental collection efficiencies, WJ Albery, S Bruckenstein, 1966, Transactions of the Faraday Society, Volume 62, Pages 1920-1931 (Albery & Bruckenstein, 1966)

An in situ weighing study of the mechanism for the formation of the adsorbed oxygen monolayer at a gold electrode, Stanley Bruckenstein, Michael Shay, 1985/6/25, Journal of electroanalytical chemistry and interfacial electrochemistry, Volume188, Issue 1-2, Pages 131-136 (Bruckenstein & Shay, 1985)

Acid-Base Equilibria in Acetonitrile. Spectrophotometric and Conductometric Determination of the Dissociation of Various Acids1, I Mo Kolthoff, S Bruckenstein, MK Chantooni Jr, 1961/10, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Volume 83, Issue 19, Pages 3927-3935 (Kolthoff, Bruckenstein, & Chantooni Jr, 1961)

Use of a porous electrode for in situ mass spectrometric determination of volatile electrode reaction products, Stanley Bruckenstein, R Rao Gadde, 1971/2, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Volume 93, Issue 3, Pages 793-794 (Bruckenstein & Gadde, Use of a porous electrode for in situ mass spectrometric determination of volatile electrode reaction products, 1971)

A ring-disk electrode study of the current/potential behaviour of platinum in 1.0 M sulphuric and 0.1 M perchloric acids, DC Johnson, DT Napp, S Bruckenstein, 1970/9/1, Electrochimica Acta, Volume 15, Issue 9, Pages 1493-1509 (Johnson, Napp, & Bruckenstein, 1970)

Potential dependence of lead and silver underpotential coverages in acetonitrile using a piezoelectric crystal oscillator method, S Bruckenstein, S Swathirajan, 1985/7/1, Electrochimica Acta, Volume 30, Issue 7, Pages 851-855 (Bruckenstein & Swathirajan, 1985)

Electrochemical kinetics; theoretical aspects, sections 1, 2, and 3 of electrochemical kinetics: theoretical and experimental aspects, Klaus J Vetter, Stanley Bruckenstein, Brian Howard, 1967, Academic Press (Vetter, Bruckenstein, & Howard, 1967)

Acid-Base Equilibria in Glacial Acetic Acid. III. Acidity Scale. Potentiometric Determination of Dissociation Constants of Acids, Bases and Salts1, S Bruckenstein, IM Kolthoff, 1956/7, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Volume 78, Issue 13, Pages 2974-2979 (Bruckenstein & Kolthoff, Acid-Base Equilibria in Glacial Acetic Acid. III. Acidity Scale. Potentiometric Determination of Dissociation Constants of Acids, Bases and Salts1, 1956)

Selected list of publications

Bruckenstein authored 200  scientific papers, co-authored  books, and several other publications over the course of his career.[6]