User:Stazlouken/Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention

Introduction:
Changes to Article Completed: Changed wording of first 3 paragraphs to keep more concise. Added in data regarding injection use and PrEP efficacy. Moved Injectable PrEP above WHO guidelines
 * 1) Pre-exposure prophylaxis in definition for PrEP, some people may not know what that means- DONE
 * 2) Said PrEP definition again, will delete to make more concise- DONE
 * 3) PrEP in HIV/AIDS prevention is said again in 3rd paragraph. Repeating itself.
 * 4) “Increased risk of contracting HIV”- can be deleted, has been said above to already say “higher risk of acquiring HIV”- CHANGED MIND, KEPT IT
 * 5) Update citations #2, based on a pdf from 2014 CDC.- DONE
 * 6) See if citation #3 needs updating.- DONE
 * 7) UK studies in intro might not be needed, what does it mean in “uncontrolled environments”?- DONE
 * 8) Check citation #5, what is it?- DONE
 * 9) Remove FDA hyperlink, not needed? Distracting?- KEPT IT IN
 * 10) Check whether Descovy is still only approved for males- CHANGED (males and transgendered women)
 * 11) Double check guidelines from WHO, most updated was 2021- DONE
 * 12) Dapivirine vaginal ring? Check citation #8 (WHO guidelines)
 * 13) Give summary of article in the Intro section, maybe less on history of drugs can be moved to the Medical Research Section

Draft: This article provides information regarding PrEP indications for use, contraindications and side effects, societal and cultural perspectives on its usage, and recent research studies concerning PrEP.

Medical Uses:
Changes made to article:
 * 1) Indications for use section:
 * 2) Check if 2021 is last updated recommendations for PrEP- DONE
 * 3) Check recommendations for PrEP- DONE
 * 4) Maybe make a new section of types of PrEP instead of having it in the beginning? Could be too wordy with drug names and patients might what it separated to get the barebone facts then go into the nitty-gritty of what drug they know/were prescribed.
 * 5) UK guidelines may need updating
 * 6) Other countries, there is some data for China but after rest of article is updates/complete
 * 7) ELIGIBILITY, FOLLOW-UP CARE, DOSAGE Section: Medical uses is not same as eligibility, follow-up care, and dosage. Maybe change Section to Medical research or something? Then have medical uses/guidelines, etc. underneath
 * 8) First sentence has no citation, check guidelines and add in
 * 9) Check if people are actually asked to see provider every 3-6 months. Guidelines are based on 2014 guidelines, update with newest version for CDC.-DONE
 * 10) Check if actually become resistant to emtribitabine. Add in citation if so.
 * 11) Review HIV pre exposure Prophylaxis: A Revie article (citation #12) for that sentence
 * 12) Add in better citation for first sentence fo paragraph #2 in this section. Also may be unnecessary first sentence? Kinda confusing to read. Instead of focusing on bad, focus on good. “Not 100% effective” could be worded differently
 * 13) What other combination prevention strategies are there apart from condoms? -DONE Also why is it in there that they may experience the signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS. Seems redundant to have.
 * 14) Methods for PrEP needs an update. Does not have to be taken daily, there are injectables. NO citations in this area. Need to fix.-DONE
 * 15) Check about the pregnancy test section. Check if renal function and STI assessment is correct. -DONE
 * 16) Effectiveness of PrEP can  be elaborated on.
 * 17) Event-driven PrEP: The first sentence makes no sense. Can shorten, say there are other options.
 * 18) NEEDS CITATION! 86% reduced risk? Where did this come from? This was in canada and France. CHeck for systematic reviews about event-driven PrEP
 * 19) Check if not used with women?
 * 20) PrEP during pregnancy and postpartum:
 * 21) Where is the citation for safety in pregnant people?
 * 22) Look over citation #21, may need to update that last sentence in this paragraph
 * 23) Include paragraph about injectable PrEP (eligibility, dosing, follow up) -DONE

Draft: Per WHO guidelines, initiation of PrEP can be done if a person tests negative for HIV, has no signs of current HIV infection, has good kidney function (creatinine clearance >30 ml/min4) and no contraindications to the medication.Included data about injectable PrEP- Added to article

Draft: Injectable PrEP (Cabotegravir) follows similar guidelines for eligibility and initiation criteria as the Oral PrEP medications. However, instead of daily dosing, people who use injectable forms of PrEP will received one initial dose following a second dose after 1 month. They can repeat dosing every 2 months after. Follow-up testing includes repeat HIV testing and STI screening. Those who decide to discontinue injectable PrEP may begin using oral PrEP within 2 months of their last injection.- Added to article

Draft: However, there is minimal research on the effects of injectable PrEP and pregnancy outcomes.- Added to article

Contraindications:

 * 1) Check current contraindications for these drugs

Side Effects:
Changes made to article:
 * 1) Where is citation saying it is safe for most people?
 * 2) Nausea, headache dont need to be highlighted
 * 3) Check citation #24
 * 4) Too medically wordy, no one knows that glomerula filtration rate.
 * 5) Check citation #25 regarding renal issues
 * 6) Daily med citations? REMOVE, find some secondary sources for this.
 * 7) NEEDS secondary resources! There’s articles in here, not necessary. Need to find actual resources regarding side effects.
 * 8) Check osteopenia articles, any secondary sources? Is this needed if no significant difference?
 * 9) Would you need ART side effects in this section? Need to add article citation here.
 * 10) Double check citation #22
 * 11) Said again in last paragraph Descovy vs. Truvada. Make more consider, double check source. And secondary articles?
 * 12) Boxed warnings:
 * 13) what medications? Need citations.

Draft: In addition, a recent meta-analysis indicated no change in hepatic or renal function in patients using PrEP.- Added to article

Draft: The injectable form of PrEP, Cabotegravir, shares similar side effects to oral PrEP such as nausea and headache. However, one of the most common side effect is pain at injection site- Added to article

Draft: Cabotegravir (Apretude) shares a similar black box warning to only use the medication if a person tests negative for HIV infection.- Added to article

Access/Adoption:

 * 1) Adoption of what?
 * 2) Reword last sentence of paragraph
 * 3) Update JULY 2012 WHO guidelines, don’t need to keep the 2012 recommendations. Get rid of quotations, use in own words. Plus the citation is from 2014, use new citations.
 * 4) Fix citation for New Zealand section.
 * 5) Check the pricing section, right pricing? Right citation?
 * 6) Needs updating, “expected fall 2020…”
 * 7) Fix this whole section, no evidence of this part.
 * 8) Is this California part needed?

Politics and Culture:
Changes made to article:
 * 1) Too wordy to read, fix first sentence
 * 2) No evidence for second sentence
 * 3) Adds in magazine articles, need to remove.
 * 4) Too many magazine articles, where are the secondary sources?
 * 5) Add in sources in regard to people having higher risk for HIV due to lower access to PrEP, societal barriers, social determinants of health, etc.
 * 6) Impact on culture section: Where is the citation in culture of men who have sex with men section? What is this citation for? Why is the last sentence in there? What is the purpose of this section?
 * 7) Barriers to Use:
 * 8) PrEP is underused?
 * 9) Why is the systemic review adding in number of articles/abstracts? Where is the citation?- Changed citation, added in new information regarding no change in STI transmission, change in sexual partners or change in condom use while using PrEP.
 * 10) Use citation #83 to word this section better

Change name to "Barriers of PrEP use"?

Draft: New research, however, indicates that there is no change in STI rates following PrEP implementation.- Added to Article

Draft: Recent systematic reviews have investigated barriers to PrEP. On a structural level, findings indicate cost of PrEP, having multiple healthcare providers, and the frequency of follow-ups play a role. Other barriers include stigma and stereotyping from family, friends and providers. - Added to Article

Draft: Within the MSM community, the greatest barrier to PrEP use was the stigma surrounding HIV and gay men. Numerous other barriers were identified, including lack of quality LGBTQ care, cost, and adherence to medication use. - Added to Article

Draft: Similar to the MSM community, stigma surrounding HIV posed as a barrier for PrEP use, along with low awareness, social support and tailored communication of PreP usage for transgendered people. - Added to Article

Draft: Challenges encountered by people engaging in injection drug use include limited access to healthcare providers, expense of medication, and follow-up for HIV testing. - Added to Article

Draft: A possible explanation for low PrEP recommendations from physicians is the "Purview Paradox." This refers to HIV specialists believing primary care providers should be responsible for recommending and prescribing PrEP to patients. However, primary care providers believe this is out of their scope of practice and PrEP use should be managed by HIV specialists. - Added to Article

Draft: Women believe they are at low risk for HIV transmission even though they meet eligibility requirements for PrEP. Low marketing for women, potential stigma from support system and lack of knowledge about PrEP posed as a barrier. - Added to Article

Research:
Changes made to article:
 * 1) Need citation for first one, but sentence itself is unnecessary. What is goal of this section? Why is the second sentence necessary?
 * 2) THESE CITATIONS NEED TO BE UPDATED!! “Thebodypro.com”?
 * 3) Fix citation #88, not a systematic review
 * 4) Fix the next sentence about PrEP injection, already stated above. Can add in some future directions but make sure it is accurate.
 * 5) Update on adolescents using prep if have time
 * 6) Possibly of increased risk-taking:
 * 7) Any articles regarding condom use and PrEP? That are recent and secondary sources?
 * 8) Any 2nd sources about STIs among PrEP users?
 * 9) Check risk behavior article #111
 * 10) Emerging treatments:
 * 11) Missing citation in this, CAPRISA 004 Trial

Draft: In a meta-analysis, researchers found no significant increase in risk for STIs following starting PrEP. The same systematic review found there to be no change in amount of sexual partners or condom use while using PrEP. - Added to Article