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Grape seed extract quality is measured by the content of procyanidins which are formed form proanthocyanidins binding with each other. Generally, grape seed extract dietary supplements are regulated to contain 95% procyanidins, but potency also depends on the product used. Procyanidins are antioxidants with the ability to prevent free radical damage. They have been found to be more effective than vitamin C and vitamin E in experimental assays in terms of antioxdiant abilities. The quality of grape seed extract’s beneficial properties depends on the extraction process used to obtain it. The classic method incorporates extraction of the extract with acetone, acetonite, ethyl acetate and methanol. Other methods using hot water has not been as effective in maximizing in extract production in both quantity and efficiency. There are several techniques in which these solvents are used in grape seed extraction including membrane filtration and chromatography. . Next, high performance liquid chromatography seems to be the most effective analysis along with proton NMR spectroscopy with Principal Component Analysis to ensure accurate composition. Eating foods or beverages high in procyanidin often results in the sensation of the mouth puckering and dehydrated otherwise known as “astringency” as felt after certain alcoholic drinks.

The antioxidant properties of grape seed extract have been shown to prevent several types of cancers including breast, colorectal, lung, prostate and skin. . In particular it is the proanthrocyanidins that form the procyanidins in grape seed extract that is thought to prevent the development of skin cancer induced from UV radiation. Experiments have shown that this prevention of skin cancer is by helping to repair the DNA damage caused by UV radiation. . Although there have been many experiments suggesting the anti-cancer benefits of grape seed extract, more studies are needed to evaluate the consequences of using this substance in human trials.

Interest in the cardiovascular benefits of grape seed extract first developed during the late 1900s when France was noticed to have lower cardiovascular disease with a relatively high consumption of saturated fat.

Grape seed extract has also been evaluated for its benefits for the heart and hypertension management, however, the evidence is not as convincing and seems to perform sub-par compared to standard antihypertensive medications. . A recent meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials further evaluated the cardiovascular benefits of grape seed extract and determined the population with the greatest positive impact from the studies were "more obvious in younger or obese subjects, as well as in patients with metabolic disorders".

Laboratory experiments have also shown the ability of grape seed extract to hinder the growth of Streptococcus mutans, the most common bacterial cause of dental cavities in humans. However, these results were still not as effective as common disinfectants such as chlorhexidine gluconate and were only obtained at certain concentrations (250-500ng/mL) in the experiments.

In addition, the antimicrobial properties of grape seed extract have been seen in experiments along with green tea extract to increase preservation of raw meats and prevent the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, a common bacteria contaminate in food.

The anti-inflammatory properties of grape seed extract are also thought to be related to modification of platelets during these radical oxygenation reactions. Other side effects of grape seed extract include cough, sore throat, and diarrhea. . Experiments have shown that grape seed extract has limited ability to inhibit liver CYP3A4, an enzyme responsible for metabolizing drugs, thus there should be limited drug interactions with those processed through this method.

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