User:Stephencdickson/sandbox

Background
The building had been a collegiate church since 1467, served by a group of clergy under control of the local town council. Little is known of the names of these clergy, but the format made for a smooth transition into the parish church system of the post-Reformation.

Various reconstructions also defined the building: the older sections to the east were known as the Old Kirk or High Kirk; the western section was known as the New Kirk. Internal walls began to be used from the Reformation, the first being a division of the westmost section to create an extension to the Tolbooth Church.

The first subdivision affecting the running and administration of the church was in 1581 when the choir was split and called the East Kirk. Only from this point did the different parishes represented within the main church structure have their own specific minister.

Although other churches and chapels existed in Edinburgh (most notably Trinity College Kirk), these had little parochial function pre-Reformation.

The church spent much of its time quartered, both physically and functionally: Edinburgh being split into four parishes. This was alleviated by allocating Trinity College Church to serve the north-east parish in 1584 and the building of Greyfriars Church in 1630 which divested the church of its south-west parish. The remaining two parishes were named after two features on the adjacent High Street: Tolbooth to the west; Tron to the east.

The blending and farming out of parish roles makes explanation of the sequence of ministers slightly complicated at certain periods and is only simplified in 1877 when the church was both restored and unified as a single parish.

Pre-Reformation

 * John Knox
 * John Willock (1559) originally a Franciscan monk from Ayr who had joined the Reform group in 1541. Willock performed the first Holy Communion in accordance with the revised protocols of the Reformation

Post-Reformation (to 1625)

 * John Knox
 * John Cairns reader from 1561, minister from 1566 to 1595
 * John Craig (1562 to 1571) Moderator in 1569
 * James Lawson (1572 to 1584)
 * John Durie (1573 to 1583)
 * Walter Balcanquhal (1574 to 1589) remained as minister of north-east quarter/ Trinity College from 1589
 * John Edmonston (1584 to 1586) translated to Dunning
 * James Hamilton of Dalry (1585 to 1586)
 * William Watson (1585 to 1598) remained as minister of South/ Old St Giles from 1598
 * John Cowper (1586 briefly) translated to High Kirk in Glasgow
 * Robert Bruce of Kinnaird (1587-1589) remained as minister of New Kirk, St Giles from 1589
 * John Davidson of Liberton (1589 briefly) translated to Canongate Kirk
 * James Balfour (1591 to 1598) remained as minister of north-west quarter East Kirk, St Giles from 1598
 * Robert Rollock (1596 o 1598)
 * John Hall (1598 to 1610?)
 * Patrick Galloway (1607 to 1626)
 * Thomas Sydserff (1611 to 1625) translated to north-east quarter/Trinity College Kirk
 * William Struthers MA (1614 to 1625) remained as minister of Old St Giles
 * John Guthrie (1621 to 1623) became Bishop of Moray
 * William Forbes DD (1622 to 1625) remained as minister of south-east quarter

Second Charge

 * Peter Hewat MA from 1594 to 1596, translated to Colinton Parish Church
 * James Balfour from 1598 to 1613
 * Peter Hewat MA (second service) from 1610 to 1619
 * John Maxwell MA from 1622 to 1625, came from Mortlach, translated to Trinity College Kirk

1625 to 1877
The format in this period was a church split into up to four parishes, each with its own minister, plus a fifth senior minister, acting as "Dean".


 * William Struthers (1626 to 1633) as Dean
 * Thomas Sydserff (1634) briefly as Dean
 * James Hannay (1637 to 1639) Dean during the Jenny Geddes incident
 * Alexander Henderson (1639 to 1646) Dean and three times Moderator
 * George Gillespie (1647 to 1648) Moderator in 1648
 * Robert Douglas (1649 to 1662) translated to Greyfriars Kirk
 * Robert Laurie (1662 to 1672) became Bishop of Brechin
 * John Paterson (1672 to 1674) as Dean, became Bishop of Galloway
 * William Annand (1675 to 1689)
 * Alexander Hamilton (1689 to 1696) linked to Dalmeny
 * George Hamilton (1697 to 1710) Moderator in 1699
 * John Mathieson (1710 to 1752)
 * Robert Walker (1754 to 1783) uncle of Robert Walker, Moderator in 1771
 * Thomas Hardy (1784 to 1786)
 * William Greenfield (1787 to 1798) removed due to scandal, Moderator in 1796
 * James Finlayson (1799 to 1808) Moderator in 1802
 * William Ritchie (1808 to 1830) Moderator in 1801
 * Robert Gordon (1830 to 1843) joined Free Church in 1843
 * David Arnot (1843 to 1877)

Second Charge

 * John Maxwell 1622 to 1626 moved to Old Kirk (see below)
 * Alexander Thomson from 1628 to 1639
 * Robert Douglas from 1639 to 1641
 * Henry Rollock MA from 1641 to 1649
 * David Dickson from 1650 to 1662
 * James Lundie MA from 1665 to 1672 (moved to Tolbooth parish within the church)
 * Alexander Ramsay MA from 1672 to 1674 translated to Greyfriars Kirk
 * Andrew Cant from 1675 to 1685
 * Alexander Monro from 1685 to 1689 Principal of Edinburgh University
 * John Law from 1689 to 1707, Moderator in 1694
 * William Carstares from 1706 to 1714
 * William Mitchell from 1721 to 1727 - five times Moderator
 * Robert Kinloch from 1728 to 1756, Moderator in 1747
 * Hugh Blair from 1757 to 1800
 * George Husband Baird from 1801 to 1840
 * James Buchanan from 1840 to 1843 joined the Free Church
 * James McLetchie from 1844 to 1866

SE Parish (Old Kirk)

 * William Watson 1598 to 1601 translated to Burntisland
 * William Forbes DD 1626 (briefly) later became Bishop of Edinburgh
 * John Maxwell 1626 to 1630 moved to be Bishop of Ross
 * David Mitchell 1634 to 1638 became Bishop of Aberdeen
 * Andrew Ramsay 1641 to 1659
 * Thomas Garvine or Garven of Colinton 1649 to 1662
 * Archibald Turner MA 1662 to 1674 and 1675 to 1681
 * Alexander Ramsay MA 1681 to 1689
 * David Blair 1691 to 1710, Moderator in 1700
 * James Nisbet from 1713 to 1756, related through marriage to David Blair
 * Daniel MacQueen DD from 1758 to 1777
 * James MacKnight 1778 to 1800
 * Andrew Brown 1800 to 1834
 * John Lee 1835 to 1840
 * Thomas Clark 1841 to 1843
 * John Clark 1844 to 1859

Second Charge

 * John Hall 1598 to 1610 translated to East Kirk
 * David Mitchell 1628 to 1634 moved to first charge
 * David Fletcher 1635 to 1641, became Bishop of Argyll
 * James Hamilton 1647 to 1662 (with breaks)
 * Andrew Kinnear 1663 to 1682
 * John Farquhar 1683 to 1691 previously at Tron Kirk
 * George Campbell 1690 to 1701
 * John Orr 1703 to 1707
 * William Mitchell 1708 to 1721 moved internally to High Kirk (see above)
 * James Craig 1721 to 1731
 * Patrick Cumin 1732 to 1776, Moderator in 1749 and 1752
 * Robert Henry 1776 to 1790 Moderator in 1774
 * Henry Grieve 1791 to 1810 Moderator in 1783
 * Thomas MacKnight 1810 to 1836, Moderator in 1820

From 1860 changes in the tax system removed the funding for the Old Kirk as a paid separate parish but it continued as a quoad sacra parish (still within St Giles) under the ministry of David Arnot of the adjacent High Kirk. In 1869 the congregation left St Giles and moved to a hall on Blackfriars Street to the east. In 1874 the town council approved a new structure for the quoad sacra congregation at the foot of St John Street off the Canongate. The building was not completed until 1882. It later became known as the Anderson Memorial Church after its first minister James Anderson.

Tolbooth Parish

 * Robert Douglas 1641 to 1649 from and to High Kirk
 * George Hutchison MA 1649 to 1662
 * James Lundie 1663 to 1675
 * William Meldrum 1675 to 1681
 * John Hamilton of Blair 1681 to 1686 became Bishop of Dunkeld
 * William Gardyne 1686 to 1691
 * James Kirkton 1691 to 1699
 * John Mathison 1706 to 1710
 * John McLaren 1711 to 1734
 * John Taylor 1735 to 1736
 * Alexander Webster 1737 to 1784
 * Thomas Randall Davidson 1785 to 1827

In 1828 the parish left St Giles to the purpose built Tolbooth Church on Castlehill.

Second Charge

 * John Oswald 1643 to 1648
 * Alexander Malcolm 1663 to 1667
 * William Gardyne 1668 to 1686 moved to first charge (see above)
 * Thomas Wilkie 1687 to 1691
 * James Webster 1693 to 1720
 * William Gusthart 1721 to 1764 Dean of the Chapel Royal and Chaplain in Ordinary to the King
 * David Plenderleath 1765 to 1779
 * John Kemp 1779 to 1805
 * John Campbell 1805 to 1828, Moderator in 1818

West St Giles (New North)
Originally meeting in a hall on the Lawnmarket in 1692 the congregation was officially recognised as a parish in 1698 and moved into St Giles in December 1699. As this portion of the church had linked to the adjacent Tolbooth Prison and had infamously been used to imprison Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Haddo prior to his execution, the section was known as "Haddo's Hold". From its size it was also fodly called the Little Kirk. From 1829 to 1835 the congregation met in the Methodist Chapel on Nicholson Square and from 1835 to 1843 at Brighton Street Chapel before returning to St Giles. In 1880 the congregation left St Giles to a new church on the Meadows funded by Dr William Chambers.


 * Samuel Halliday 1695 to 1699
 * George Andrews 1699 to 1705
 * John Flint 1710 to 1730
 * James Smith 1730 to 1732 became Professor of Divinity at Edinburgh University
 * John Gowdie 1732 to 1733 Moderator in 1733 and Principal of Edinburgh University
 * James Smith 1733 to 1736 deciding he could preach and run the university
 * Robert Wallace 1738 to 1771
 * William Gloag 1772 to 1802
 * John Thomson 1802 to 1814 translated to New Greyfriars
 * Robert Nisbet DD 1843 to 1874
 * Alexander Williamson 1875 to 1911
 * John MacGilchrist 1911 to 1913
 * John Malcolm Munro 1913 to ?

Collegiate Church
(The collegiate minister was operational from 1703 to 1843) Confusingly the parish is also sometimes called the New North Church


 * Robert Sandilands 1703 to 1732
 * William Hamilton August 1732 to December 1732
 * John Glen 1733 to 1768
 * James Brown 1768 to 1786
 * Thomas Hardy 1786 to 1798
 * George Husband Baird 1799 to 1801
 * David Dickson the Elder 1801 to 1820
 * Henry Grey 1821 to 1835
 * Robert Gordon (minister) 1836 to ?
 * John Bruce ? to 1837
 * Charles John Brown 1837 to 1843 left in Disruption of 1843 and was Moderator of the Free Church in 1872

1877 onwards
The church was physically unified into a single space in 1877.
 * James Cameron Lees (1877 to 1909)
 * Andrew Wallace Williamson (1910 to 1926)

6


Adam Black Richardson (1851–1909) was a Scottish scholar and expert in numismatics. He oversaw the Scottish National Coin Collection held at the National Museum of Antiquities and contributed his personal collection to the national collection.

Life
He was born on 14 July 1851 the son of William Chambers Richardson (1803-1868) and his wife Allison Ponton Black (1820-1888), daughter of Adam Black, publisher and Lord Provost of Edinburgh from 1856 to 1865.

On the creation of the Scottish Museum of Antiquities (housed in the eastern half of what is now the Scottish National Portrait Gallery) in 1889 he was the first Curator of Coins. The public display, in large part, comprised his own collection in combination with that of Robert Cochran-Patrick.

He died in Edinburgh on 7 November 1909.

Family
In 1893 he married Alice Maud Duckworth.

Publications

 * Scottish Coins (1901)

Memorials
Richardson appears as a donor in the memorial window on the south stair of the Scottish National Portrait Gallery on Queen Street, Edinburgh.

RX
Carbet Castle was an extravagant mansion near Dundee created by one of the town's "jute barons".

History
The Grimond family were a well-established family of Dundee flax-spinners. By 1793 the family owned and operated both Lornty Mill and Oakbank Mill in Blairgowrie. They founded the company of J & D A Grimond in Dundee as cloth merchants in 1840 and soon after also began jute weaving.

In the 1860s Joseph Grimond owned and operated the Bowbridge Works in Dundee and the jute barons were competing with each other to created the biggest and most impressive house. He had bought Kerbat House on Camphill Road in 1861 and commissioned architect Thomas Saunders Robertson to begin its huge expansion. He took the house's original name and scrambled it to create Carbet Castle. All principal rooms had an impressive view over the Firth of Tay.

Ceilings were painted by the French decorator Charles Frechou in 1871.

Around 1875 Grimond bought Kinnettles Castle as a country house over and above Carbet as his town house.

The building was photographed by Alexander Wilson around 1900.

Parts of the building were demolished in 1939. The final elements of the building (mainly the original west section) were demolished in 1984.

Grimond was grandfather of the politician Jo Grimond who would have certainly known Carbet Castle in his youth.

XX
James (Jim) Wyness CBE (1933–2018) was a Scottish teacher who served as Lord Provost of Aberdeen in the late 20th century.

Life
He was born in the Broomhill district of Aberdeen in 1933 and attended Broomhill Primary School then Ruthrieston Secondary School. He was apprenticed as a shipyard electrician in 1947. He joined the rade union in 1948 and became a member of the Labour Party in 1952.

His career in the shipyards was abruptly curtailed when he fell from a mast to his severe injury. After recovery he decided to begin a new career path and went to Aberdeen University to study History and Politics. After graduating he bacame a teacher at Hazlehead Academy.

In 1980 he was successfully elected as a Labour councillor serving the Tillydrone ward within Grampian Regional Council. He was elected Lord Provost in 1992 and served for four years. His most noteworthy event while provost was greeting Mikhail Gorbachov in 1993 and granting him the Freedom of the City.

He was awarded a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the New Year's Honours List 1994/5. He retired from teaching later that year and retired from the council in 1996.

A two minute silence was held at the meeting of Aberdeen City Council on 2 July 2018.

Family
Not known

Artistic Recognition
He was portrayed in 1996 in his ceremonial robes by Sandy Fraser.

YY
Daniel Furzer (1753–1680) was a British shipbuilder with a namesake son and grandson. It is very hard to distinguish the three from one another. The grandson rose to be Surveyor of the Navy.

Life
Daniel Furzer the elder (d.1680) was a private shipbuilder at Conpill near Bristol and acted as both a timber purveyor for the Royal Navy plus took individual contracts for ship.

He served as Surveyor of the Navy from 1699 to 1714 and was replaced in 1715 by Jacob Ackworth.

In 1703 he received a ring at the funeral of Samuel Pepys but his connection to Pepys is unclear.

Family
Daniel Furzer II was married to Anne Pett.

ZZ
Ardmillan Castle is a ruinous Scottish castle dating from the late 16th century.

It lies on the A77 on the edge of the Firth of Clyde south of Girvan.

History
The original structure was built in the late 16th century on a low mound. It was originally a rectangular tower with circular towers on the corners. The two northern towers have been removed.

It was built and owned by the Kennedys of Bargany until 1658, it then passing through marriage to the Crawfords of Baidland. By 1688 it had a motte (wide ditch) built on all sides.

In the 18th century a classical wing and new formal front was added and it took on more of the appearance of a house rather than a fortification.

By 1892 it had an enclosed courtyard built at its base.

It suffered in a fire in the early 20th century and again in 1973 leaving the property ruinous. The grounds have been used as a caravan park since 1980.

Geoff
James Elphinston(e), Lord Coupar (1676–1730) was a Scottish judge and Senator of the College of Justice. He also held the title of 5th Lord Balmerino.

Life
He was born on 24 November 1675 the son of John Elphinstone, 4th Lord Balmerino and his wife, Christiana Montgomerie. James studied law and passed the Scottish bar as an advocate in 1703.

On 5 June 1714 he was created a Senator of the College of Justice in place of John Murray, Lord Bowhill.

He died in Leith on 5 January 1746.

Family
In 1718 he married Elizabeth Carnegie (d.1767), daughter of David Carnegie, 4th Earl of Northesk. They had no children.

AFS
John Brash (c.1775–1848) was a Scottish architect and builder mainly operating in the Glasgow area.

Life
He was the son of a farmer who lived near New Kilpatrick.

He first appears as an architect in Glasgow around 1800. In 1819 James Salmon (architect, born 1805) was apprenticed under Brash in a basement office in the Trongate district.

For most of his working life he lived and worked at the Madeira Buildings on Argyll Street in Glasgow. He sold this property in 1838 and then moved to Govan.

He spent his final years with his widowed sister Margaret Cochran, in Chapel Lane in Falkirk and died there in 1848. Although Brash married twice, both predeceased him, and they had no children. He left his monies partly to his sister and partly to found the John Brash Trust

Known works

 * Tollcross Parish Church (1805)
 * Galston Parish Church (1809)
 * Blythswood Square (1823-9) to a feuingh plan by William Burn
 * Dumbarton Riverside Parish Church

Family
Not known

JG
George Sinclair, Lord Woodhall also known as George Sinclair of Castlehill (c.1700–1764) was a Scottish judge and Senator of the College of Justice.

Life
He was the son of Sir John Sinclair, 4th Baronet of Longformacus, an estate in East Lothian, east of Edinburgh, and his wife and cousin, Martha Lockhart-Sinclair. He trained in law and became an advocate around 1725, later also serving as Sheriff of Lanark from 1747. His ancestor was one of the many Scottish landowners who purchased a Nova Scotia baronetcy in 1624 as part of a state exercise to raise funds in exchange for titles.

On the death of George's grandfather in 1727, his father became a baronet.

He had a home and legal practise on Castlehill in Edinburgh at the top of the Royal Mile close to Scotland's main law courts.

In February 1751 he was elected a Senator of the College of Justice in place of the late James Grahame, Lord Easdale.

At some point in the mid-18th century he rented Woodhall House south-west of Edinburgh. Through his mother he inherited the huge estates of Lockhart (now the modern area known as Craiglockhart), this included the 15th century Craiglockhart Castle.

In 1761 he inherited the estate of Murkle on the north Scottish coast from his cousin and friend Alexander Sinclair, 9th Earl of Caithness. George Sinclair died on 5 May 1764. He died immensely rich, but unmarried and childless. His father died after him, preventing his ever being a baronet. The baronetcy passed briefly to his paternal uncle, Henry Sinclair (d.1768). In 1766 after a contest to both George's and Alexander's will, the estates passed to a nephew, Sir John Sinclair of Stevenson (d.1789). His position as Senator was filled by Francis Garden, Lord Gardenstone.

The Lockhart estates passed to a nephew, Captain James Lockhart of Castlehill (1736-1808) in 1764 and the same nephew became the baronet in 1768 when Henry Sinclair died.

TT


Robert Kay (1740–1818) was an Edinburgh builder and architect. His engineering skills led him to design bridges and several lighthouses.

He was born at Cairnton near Penicuik in 1740 and initially trained as a wright and carpenter. He appears to have moved to Edinburgh around 1760 and supplemented his income by teaching drawing. By 1770 he had established himself as a builder and architect of good repute in the city.

In 1784 he received a major commission from the Town Council and James Hunter Blair to create a new bridge south of North Bridge, spanning the Cowgate to reach Edinburgh's South Side. This project, named South Bridge and still known by that name, was built 1785 to 1788. This complex scheme has only one visible arch (over the Cowgate) and is largely a scheme of shops and flats as seen from South Bridge, but from the Cowgate is a huge block eight storeys in height. The buildings created are now addressed as South Bridge, Hunter Square, Blair Street and Niddry Street.

In 1787 he entered the competition for the design of Charlotte Square but this passed to Robert Adam.

Around 1810 he built Sycamore Bank, a villa on Duddingston Road.

Kay partially invested in the South Bridge project with his own money and with a handsome return on this bought a fine mansion at Wester Duddingston on land bought from Louis Cauvin, where he died on 13 May 1818. He is buried in the secular Old Calton Burial Ground in central Edinburgh.

Family
He married Janet Skirving (d. August 1813), a widow who ran a tavern on the Canongate. They had no children and on his death his assets were given 50% to charity and 50% to his wife's niece Mary Musgrove (aka Mrs Hardie). The charitable donations including major contributions to the Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge and the building of the Edinburgh Sessional School on Market Street.

He was caricatured by his distant cousin John Kay around 1810.

AXX
Sir John Connell (c.1765–1831) was a prominent Scottish legal author and judge, specialising in both church law and naval procedures.

He was born in Glasgow a younger son of Arthur Connell a merchant and his wife Magdalen Wallace. His father served as Lord Provost of Glasgow 1772 to 1774 when John was still young.

He studied Law at Glasgow University and passed the Scottish bar as an advocate around 1785 being created a member of the Faculty of Advocates in 1788.

In 1795 he was created Sheriff Depute of Renfrewshire. In 1805 he took on the additional role as Procurator (legal advisor) to the Church of Scotland.

In 1816 he was appointed Judge of the Court of the Admiralty, a position abolished in 1830. In 1822 he was knighted by King George IV during his visit to Scotland. From 1830 he was the senior member of the Faculty of Admiralty Procurators.

From around 1816 he lived in Edinburgh, residing his final years at 16 Abercromby Place in the Second New Town.

He died suddenly during a visit of his family to his brother-in-law Sir Archibald Campbell, 2nd Baronet at Garscube House north of Glasgow on 13 April 1831.

He married Margaret Campbell, a daughter of Sir Ilay Campbell, Lord President of the Court of Session, and their children included Arthur Connell FRSE.

Publications

 * Manses and Glebes of the Parochial Clergy
 * Patronage of Churches (1818)

XX
James Milne (c.1778–c.1852) was a Scottish architect, architectural author and inventor of a highly innovative steam-powered stone-hewing machine

Life
He was born in central Scotland around 1778. He is first listed as an "architect" living in Edinburgh in 1809, living in a newly built property at 3 James Street at the east end of the fashionable First New Town. In 1815 he moved to larger premises at 9 James Street and in 1825 opened an independent office at Northumberland Place in the Second New Town.

Publications

 * The Elements of Architecture (1812)
 * Theory of the Earth (1821)

Cross Kirk, Peebles
The Cross Kirk in Peebles is a substantial medieval ruin, founded in the 13th century, with a complex history, both in terms of its built structure, and in terms of its social history. It is the best preserved urban friary in Scotland.

Background
On 9 May 1261 a magnificent and venerable cross was found by a group of officials in Peebles. It was thought to have been placed there in the year 296 during the persecution of Britons by Maximian in the final years of Roman occupation. A few months later a large stone urn was found around 4m from the location of the cross, containing partly burnt human remains. A stone slab bore the inscription locus sancti Nicolai episcopi: the (burial) place of Bishop Nicholas (thought to be Nicholas of Myra). In consequence, King Alexander III in conjunction with John de Cheam, Bishop of Glasgow established a church on the site which then became a place of pilgrimage to see the shrine built to the "Holy Cross of Peebles".

Modern interpretation thinks the urn was a Bronze Age burial, the raised cist within which it was found was incorporated in the south wall of the church.

The Church
The original church was completed around 1265 and housed several claimed religious relics.

In 1474 the church was rededicated to the Order of Trinity. Cloisters were then added on the north side.

In 1549 the church was heavily damaged by English troops, but was rebuilt in 1551. The church survived the troubles of the Reformation, perhaps having been already robbed of its relics, but was downgraded to the status of parish church.

In 1656 the church was extended eastwards and three burial vaults added on the sides to local noble families. Upper level galleries were added to increase capacity.

In 1784 the church was abandoned and roofless and began to crumble. By 1811 much of the south wall had fallen.

In 1922/3 the site was excavated by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland and the lines of the cloister were redefined.

Notable Burials
Although no visible memorials remain within the church or to the north, the area was used for burial for centuries. Only the enclosed walled area to the south retains memorials.

James Hay (1725-1810), Cpt James Hay (1757-1847) Sir John Hay, 5th Baronet (1755-1830), Sir John Hay, 6th Baronet (1788-1838)
 * William Douglas, 1st Earl of March (1673-1705)
 * The Erskines of Venlaw including Maj. Archibald Erskine (1746-1804) and John Erskine (1790-1861)
 * The Hays of Haystoun including Adam Hay (1757-1796) Sir Adam Hay, 7th Baronet MP (1795-1865) and Adam Hay (1839-1871)
 * James Paterson (d.1552) minister of the Cross Kirk