User:Stevenfigge/Social penetration theory

Onion model
SPT uses the onion model, which visualizes self-disclosure as a process of removing layers. The onion denotes various layers of personality, with outer layers representing surface level information like age, gender, and ethnicity, and inner layers representing deeper, more personal information (see image). It is sometimes called the "onion theory" of personality. Three major factors influence self-revelation and begin the process of the onion theory: personal characteristics, reward/cost assessments, and the situational context.

Breadth and depth
Information that is disclosed is said to possess both depth and breadth. This is typically demonstrated in relation to the onion model. As the wedge penetrates the layers of the onion, the degree of intimacy and the range of areas in an individual's life that an individual chooses to share increase.

The breadth of penetration is the range of areas in an individual's life being disclosed, or the range of topics discussed. For instance, a single segment could be family, a specific romantic relationship, or academic studies. Each of these segments or areas are not always accessed at the same time. One could be completely open about a family relationship while hiding an aspect of a romantic relationship for various reasons such as abuse or disapproval from family or friends. It takes genuine intimacy with all segments to be able to access all areas of breadth at all times.

The depth of penetration is a degree of intimacy; as individuals overcome common anxiety over self-disclosure, intimacy builds. Deeper intimacy facilitates relational trust and encourages further conversation about deeper things than would be discussed in everyday conversation. This deepening occurs in many types of relationships: friendship, familial, peer, and romantic.