User:StewartWH/Stewart theory

The "Stewart Theory" is that:

1) lower rainfall in the Sahel during the four coldest periods of the last 100,000-year long glaciation forced the ancestors of Australoids, Mongoloids, Cro-Magnons and Hittites (but not the Berbers and populations that lived in, and south of, the rain forests of equatorial Africa) to emigrate from the Sahel to Asia, Australia, Europe, and the Fertile Crescent, on a "first come, first served" and "Veni, vidi, vici" basis.

2) After the Eemian ended a large percentage of the people who inhabited the ancient Sahel emigrated from Africa via the Sinai Peninsula approximately every 26,000 years due to changes in the amount and location of solar radiation that reached the Earth due to variations in the orbital eccentricity, obliquity, and precession of Earth's movements."'The Earth's axis completes one full cycle of precession approximately every 26,000 years... When the earth's axis is aligned so that it points toward the Sun during perihelion, one polar hemisphere will have a greater difference between the seasons while the other hemisphere will have milder seasons.'"

3) The ancestors of Australoids emigrated from the Sahel to Asia about 97,000 years ago because the glacial era returned and the Sahel became drier.

4) About 71,000 years ago the ancestors of Mongoloids emigrated from the Sahel to Asia and forced the ancestors of Australoids to emigrate to the fringe areas of Asia and Oceania where Australoids still live.

5) Cro-Magnons emigrated from the Sahel to Europe about 44,000 years ago and European Neanderthals became extinct about 30,000 years ago. Cro-Magnons were forced out of northern Europe by the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).

6) The ancestors of Natufians and Hittites emigrated from the Sahel to the forests of the ancient Levant during the LGM approximately 18,000 years ago. They are some of the ancestors of Indo-Aryans, northern Europeans, etc. who belong to mitochondrial haplogroup T and to Y-Haplogroup R1b. After they invented agriculture and irrigation they spread southwards along the Nile, northwards along the Tigres-Euphrates rivers, into Anatolia and unoccupied northern Europe after glaciers retreated about 10,000 years ago, and into Cro-Magnon occupied southern Europe and as far as India after the Hyksos conquered Mesopotamia, Egypt (4,000 years ago) and ancient Canaan. Jerusalem fell about 3,000 years ago.

Haplogroup T derives from the haplogroup JT, which also gave rise to haplogroup J. Haplogroup T is thought to have originated in Mesopotamia/the Fertile Crescent approximately 10,000-12,000 years ago, and then moved northwest into Europe and east as far as modern Pakistan and India... Haplogroup T is currently found with high concentrations around the eastern Baltic Sea. According to Oxford Ancestors, Haplogroup T "includes slightly fewer than 10% of modern Europeans. Its many branches are widely distributed throughout southern and western Europe with particularly high concentrations in Ireland and the west of Britain." According to the Genographic Project: "Haplogroup T has a very wide distribution, and is present as far east as the Indus Valley bordering India and Pakistan and as far south as the Arabian peninsula. It is also common in eastern and northern Europe... Haplogroup T has been in Europe for less than 12,000 years which makes it the youngest of the mtDNA haplogroups found there. The Genographic Project states that early people with Haplogroup T were likely some of the first agriculturalists and probably comprised the group which first brought agriculture on to the European continent, bringing the "Neolithic Revolution" to Europe; they write: "Although the haplogroup was present during the early and middle Upper Paleolithic, [Haplogroup] T is generally considered one of the main genetic signatures of the Neolithic expansions. While groups of hunter-gatherers and subsistence fishermen had been occupying much of Eurasia for tens of thousands of years, around ten thousand years ago a group of modern humans living in the Fertile Crescent-present day eastern Turkey and northern Syria-began domesticating the plants, nuts, and seeds they had been collecting. What resulted were the world's first agriculturalists, and this new cultural era is typically referred to as the Neolithic. Groups of individuals able to support larger populations with this reliable food source began migrating out of the Middle East, bringing their new technology with them.

"R1b is believed to have arisen in southwest Asia and today is most frequently observed in Europe and especially in western Europe, which it entered after the LGM largely in the form of R1b1b2. The Atlantic Modal Haplotype, or AMH, is the most common STR haplotype in haplogroup R1b1b2a."

The Indo-Hittite hypothesis proposes the Indo European language family to consist of two main branches: one represented by the Anatolian languages and another branch encompassing all other Indo European languages.