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= Kistefos Museum =

The Kistefos Museum (Norwegian: Kistefos-Museet) is a contemporary art museum and sculpture park located in Jevnaker, Norway. The art park first opened to the public in 1996 with a permanent exhibition of 25 sculptures from Christen Sveaas' personal art collection. Founded by Christen Sveaas, the biggest shareholder of Kistefos, the museum sits on the site of a disused wood pulp mill and includes the Kistefossen waterfall. The 270000m2 art park runs around the Randselva river and the surrounding areas, including old factory buildings such as the pulp mill and other buildings leased by the Kistefos group. With donations from the Jevnaker municipality and Christen Sveaas, Kistefos holds two art galleries, a museum, and a sculpture park currently containing 46 sculptures , by both Norwegian and international artists. Kistefos Museum was listed to the priority technical and industrial cultural heritage by the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage, serving a modern, industrial monument worth conserving as part of Norwegian and Scandinavian culture.

History
In the early 1880s, a business entrepreneur, Anders Sveaas (1840-1917) acquired the rights to the Kistefossen waterfall in Jevnaker and to build around the surrounding land. Following the rise in demand of wood pulp for newspapers as illiteracy declined in Norway and having founded another pulp mill, Anders Sveaas saw the opportunity to use the land and forest for timber. Founding the company A/S Kistefos Træsliberi in 1889. He soon began the construction of a wood pulp mill, planning to use the waterfall as a source of power and the Randselva river as a mean to transport materials at low costs. Following a year of construction, operations at the mill began in 1890 and lasted until 1955, where production ceased. However, all operating materials and machines were still intact, becoming the only pulp mill left in Norway to have survived. As result of family conflict, the company Kistefos Træsliberi and its facilities were sold off to a neighbouring company, Viul Pulp Mill. Not long after in 1993, Christen Sveaas, grandson of Anders Sveaas, managed to buy back 85% of the company's shares and now owns the majority of Kistefos Træsliberi, along with 31 other shareholders. Using artworks from his personal collection, reconstruction of the site soon began with the purpose of transforming the old pulp mill and the neighbouring land into an industrial museum and contemporary art park respectively. Today, the industrial art park integrates the old pulp mill among 12 other old factory buildings as part of the park to maintain an important piece of Norwegian culture.

Personal Intent
Christen Sveaas is a businessman and art collector who spent much of his time curating a personal collection of contemporary artworks. In an interview by ... he stated that he wanted to create a modern museum showcasing the works of both local and international artists

is in a constant state of evolving

with Sveaas continually adding unique sculptures and artworks.

continually expanding its collection.

Architecture
Kistefos' most iconic building, 'The Twist', is the museum's latest art gallery designed by architectural firm Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG). The Twist opened to the public on September 18, 2019 with an exhibition titled 'Hodgkin & Creed - Inside Out' featuring the works of artists Howard Hodgkin and Martin Creed. In 2014, Kistefos' organised an international competition for the design of a new museum to add to the site. Kistefos was in need of a bigger, more modern museum to accommodate their ever growing collection of artworks, and there was also a need for a second bridge to complete the circulation of the park and allow visitors to explore more efficiently. The winning entry, submitted by BIG, combined both aspects into one structure, proposing a unique bridge-like building spanning across the Randselva river with a twist in the middle. The project was led by Brian Yang, with Bjarke Ingels and David Zahle as partners in charge. The 14000 square-meter building incorporates the twist skillfully, accounting for the difference in elevation of the riverbanks on either side, the 90-degree twist in the middle allows for the width of building to be placed on the lower riverbank while the length is placed on the higher, artistically accommodating for Kistefos' natural landscape. Additionally, it creates an array of spaces, allowing for two stacked floors in the south, lower riverbank, and a floor-to-ceiling horizontal gallery in the north, higher riverbank.

The glazed-glass sides of the museum follow the warping of the twist, creating a sky-lit space at the southern part of the building and a side-lit space at the northern, providing views of the old pulp mill further up along the river. Furthermore, the glazed parts of the building are fitted with UV-reflecting coating and a shading system, to control solar radiation.

The building would serve as a museum and art gallery, a new place to hold Kistefos' seasonal exhibitions. This unique structure is designed as an exhibition hall but also acts as a sculpture in of itself, bringing another attraction to the park.

continuous loop

hybrid of architecture, infrastructure and sculpture

Finally, the frequency and compliance of the comfort requirements of a "bridge" for this uniquepurpose added to the complications, as bridges are not usually meant to be a place of standing stilland enjoying masterpieces of art. The proposed building was

Construction
The contractor for this project was Bladt Industries, an international steel contractor, with Ramboll Group as their main engineering adviser. Ramboll also designed the 24-meter length steel structure which twists 90-degrees mid span. The museum-bridge is designed as a truss girder bridge, and mounting the structure proved to be no easy feat, with challenges arising with every step of construction.

The first challenge was converting the complex geometry from the architectural model to an engineering model complete with building calculations. The issue was solved using Grasshopper, visual programming programme, for the conversion to a Tekla model, a multiple dimensional BIM programme model, which is compatible with the calculation programme Robot. (++ used for bridge calculation as well as static and dynamic analyses.) However, calculations regarding the twisted structure resulted in low construction stiffness, and forces in individual construction elements were larger than expected, resulting in problems with the connections which were limited to a tight space due to build ups of internal and external cladding. Furthermore, as none of the individual pieces were right-angled and there were no angular repetitions or fixed points on the bridge, the use of 3D modelling was necessary to ensure the complex geometry of the structure corresponds to the design models.

Assembly of the bridge was another large challenge, as it required a sizeable interim bridge to support the museum bridge during construction. The interim bridge had to be of suitable design and assembly to give sufficient stability and enough working space to mount the steel components and aluminium and glass facades. A full-scale trial assembly of the twisted bridge part exposed no issues that could not be corrected to avoid costly modifications on site.

Finally, secondary steel was designed for use as standard ceilings and walls, and floor build ups could not be applied, to cover both inside and outside of the bridge. This secondary steel project was an approximate 20% of the total design time.

Main challenges proved to be the whole steel structure itself which, along with the elevation of the bridge, required an interim bridge of suitable construction for sufficient stability for steel components and other materials to be mounted.

Collections
The initial Kistefos art collection which showcased in 1996 when the park first opened consisted of 25 sculptures. It includes the works from Olafur Eliasson, Fernando Botero, Tony Cragg, Shintaro Miyake, Claes Oldenburg / Coosje van Bruggen, John Gerrard, Anish Kapoor, and Marc Quinn, among others.

Exhibitions
In order of release

Jeppe Hein - Reflection. 09 May 2016 - 09 December 2016

Hodgkin & Creed - Inside Out

https://www.kistefosmuseum.com/sculpture/about-the-sculpture-park

This is the official website of the sculpture museum and includes basic information about the history, sculptures, art galleries and more.

https://books.google.com.au/books?id=_oLHwwEACAAJ&dq=kistefos+sculpture+park&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj25O2AnJHnAhUAIbcAHbypCQYQ6AEIKDAA

https://books.google.com.au/books?id=y3DAQgAACAAJ&dq=kistefos%20sculpture%20park&source=gbs_book_other_versions

https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au/docview/2036977911?rfr_id=info%3Axri%2Fsid%3Aprimo / https://www.ft.com/content/467fb58e-d616-11e9-8d46-8def889b4137

https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au/doi/epdf/10.1002/cepa.1044

https://www.inexhibit.com/case-studies/norway-kistefos-museum-art-bridge-big-bjarke-ingels-group/

Abascal, J.B., & Varas, V., & Rispa, R. (2006). Sculpture Parks in Europe: A Guide to Art and Nature. Basel, Boston: Birkhäuser Architecture, pp. 172.

www.christies.com/features/Christen-Sveaas-on-Kistefos-Sculpture-Park-10010-7.aspx

https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/kistefos-museum_o

https://homeworlddesign.com/museum-building-for-kistefos-sculpture-park/

[Sculpture Park]

external links