User:Sumanknc/sandbox

Information user needs in library a)	ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS:- 	Light – Light arrangement whether natural or artificial, the paper gets harmful when it is not systematically accessible. Natural light is direct Sun light which can damage written or printed paper materials, because its ultraviolet radiation  are mainly responsible for photochemical degradation of paper and becomes weak and brittle. Fading of ink and dye of the coloured paper and yellowing of white paper also takes place due to the formation of oxycellulose. Artificial light like fluorescent tube light also radiates a high percentage of ultraviolet rays which cause deterioration by yellowing the paper. 	Temperature – India is a high atmospheric temperature zone with low/high humidity causes dehydration of cellulose fibers and the paper becomes brittle. It also causes physical deterioration of paper, cloth, linen leather, binding audio visual material. Electric bulbs are increased room temperature which affects the physical condition of the library materials. 	Water- Water causing damage our library material through leaking roof, defective plumbing, broken window and blocked drainage system. The heavy rain direct harm to the library material, furniture (steel- due to rusting & wooden- due to termite), equipment, building, and help to growth of fungus or mildew in library. 	Dust and Dirt - Pollution enters a building from the outside, it caused by construction material, paints, untreated wood, plastics, which emit gases that are harmful to paper. These include sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde and a wide variety of industrial gases. Pollution also occurs in the form of tiny solids, or particulars, such as grit, dust and smoke. Dust is highly dangerous for the library and archival collection which is composed of soil, tar, metallic substances, fungus spores and moisture among other things. It is stick to the edges of the books, furniture and very harmful for audio-visual material, photographs, tapes, etc. Dust and dirt are sources of both physical and chemical degradation of the library collection and they decrease the life of library articles. 	Humidity and Moisture- Humidity is the amount of moisture in the atmospheric air which is the root cause of various types of physical, chemical and biological deterioration of library materials. The paper absorbs more moisture when there is high humidity and paper becomes wet, yellowish, stained with spots and they damage the fibers of paper and spreading ink. It also weakens the adhesive and makes the book binding loose. PRECAUTIONARY METHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS:- Environmental factor begins from selection of library building site, their location, type of soil where it is located because these elements have greater impact on the environmental control inside and outside of the library building. Library should be having cross ventilation facilities for free air circulation within the building and Stored library books away from the sunlight. Selection of wooden material should be in good quality and must be treated chemically to avoid insects. Growth of plants near the building must be avoided, as the roots will damage the building foundation. Building construct away from traffic to avoid dust and dirt. Provision of adequate number of electric fans and few exhaust fans will facilitate air circulation inside the library. Direct sunlight should be avoided and the windows must be provided with colored curtains The UV rays of fluorescent tubes should be filtered by covering the tubes. As high humidity and high temperature are more hazardous for library materials so maintain ideal room temperature is 68-72*F, 20-25 Celsius with 40-50% Relative Humidity and provision of air conditioning and dehumidifiers to remove moisture in the stack area and save the library material from damage. Avoid placing books in high humidity location such as the basement or attic. During the summer months the windows should be kept closed because dust and dirt stick on the surface of the material, therefore use a vacuum cleaner and cleaning schedule should be following daily and weekly basis. Once you identify an infestation, isolate the affected books. In some cases you can seal the books in plastic bags and freeze them to kill the insects.