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Solangi (Sindhi: سولنگي‎) is a Sindhi Muslim tribe found in Sindh and southern Punjab Balochistan in Pakistan, India, Iran and Afghanistan. A Solangi state found In 1881, Nawab of Machka state Sir Faiz Mohammad Khan Solangi his major role to is in end the Birtish Raj. In 1947 he was the first person from Solangi community to participate and funded the Pakistan state. Solangi (also known as Machi) are a major tribe found mainly in the provinces of Punjab and Sindh. They are chiefly associated with small-time farming or market gardening,[1][2][3] with some being zamindars (landlords). Origin The Solangi claim to have come originally from Arabia, to have settled in Sindh, thence spread to Uch in Upper Sindh, and later migrated to the Punjab by way of Multan and Sirsa.[4] The origin of the Solangi community is uncertain, with some members of the community claiming a connection with the Arabs & Rajputs and others, with whom the historian and political scientist Christophe Jaffrelot agrees, believe that they are displaced farming communities who moved to Punjab from Sindh and Multan as Arab Muslim armies encroached. Jaffrelot also believes the community to be related to the Solangi community mainly in the northern India and eastern Pakistan.[5] Some scholars have linked Solangi to the Machi, an Persian and Rajput Sub-caste of India.[6] Nawab Faiz Mohammad Khan from Machka State teshil Sadiqabad District Rahim yar khan is a friend of a Nawab General Sir Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi Vجنرل نواب سر صادق محمد خان عباس, acknowledges that some early Solangi texts ascribe a Persian origin and others a Rajput descent. He says that the Solangi claims of Arab descent could be viewed as a claim to status as "conquerors and original Muslims".[7]

Pakistani surnames are divided in three categories: Arab naming convention, tribal names and ancestral names.

Solangi Total population (300000- 350000) Regions with significant populations Pakistan: 100000- 200000 Languages Sindhi, Seraiki, Multani Religion Islam Related ethnic groups Sindhi

Sindhi Muslims

Abida Parveen is a Pakistani singer of Sindhi descent and one of the foremost exponents of Sufi music. With Sindh’s stable prosperity and its strategic geographical possession, it is not surprising that it was subject to successive conquests by foreign empires. In 712 A.D., Sindh was incorporated into the Caliphate, the Islamic Empire, and became the ‘Arabian gateway’ into India (later to become known as Bab-ul-Islam, the gate of Islam).

Muslim Sindhis tend to follow the Sunni Hanafi fiqh with a substantial minority of Shia Ithna 'ashariyah. The Sufism has made a deep impact on Sindhi Muslims and Sufi shrines dot the landscape of Sindh.

Culture of Sindh

Sindh - Map Part of a series on Sindhis

Etymology · History Language · Culture · Cuisine · Diaspora · Sindhology Tribes · Media

Kingdoms (Indus Valley civilization · Sindhu Rai · Soomra- Abro Rahoojo Samma · Channa Kalhora Talpur) ·

The Culture of Sindh (Sindhi: سنڌ جي ثقافت‎,Urdu: سندھ کی ثقافت‎) has its roots in the Indus Valley Civilization. Sindh has been shaped by the log of the largely desert region, the natural resources it had available and the continuous foreign influences. The Indus or Sindhu River that passes through the land, and the Arabian Sea (that defines its borders) also supported the seafaring traditions among the local people.[1] The local climate also reflects why the Sindhis have the language, folklore, traditions, customs and lifestyle that are so different from the neighbouring regions.[2] [3] Sindhi culture is also practiced by the Sindhi diaspora.

History Main article: History of Sindh The roots of Sindhi culture and civilization go back to the distant past. Archaeological researches during 19th and 20th centuries showed the roots of social life, religion and culture of the people of the Sindh: their agricultural practices, traditional arts and crafts, customs and tradition and other parts of social life, going back to a ripe and mature Indus Valley Civilization of the third millennium BC. Recent researches have traced the Indus valley civilization to even earlier ancestry.[4]

Archaeological discoveries

Mohen-Jo-Daro Archaeological discoveries sometimes help to unfold the certain latent aspects of a specific culture. The excavations of Mohen-Jo-Daro have unfolded the city life of a civilization of people with values, a distinct identity and culture. Therefore, the first definition of the Sindhi culture emanates from that over the 7000-year-old Indus Valley Civilization. This is the pre-Aryan period, about 3,000 years BC., when the urban civilization in Sindh was at its peak.

Ranikot Fort In Sir Mortimer Wheeler's book, Civilization of the Indus Valley and Beyond, it is said that; "Civilization, in a minimum sense of the term, is the art of living in towns, with all that the condition implies in respect of social skills and disciplines." When people speak of Sindhi civilization, they have to concern themselves, mainly with the material and concrete side of human habitation of which Sindhi culture is the only essence called the superstructure. The present day Sindh, along with the Northern part of the Indus Valley Civilization (around 3000 to 2500 BC) is located on its urban civilization.[5]

Ranikot Fort is also a landmark of the Indus valley civilization. It is the world's largest fort, with walls extending to 20 km. It has been called a "second Wall of China", and it attracts many visitors.

Literature Main article: Sindhi literature History Sindhi language is ancient and rich in literature. Its writers have contributed extensively in various forms of literature in both poetry and prose. Sindhi literature is very rich, and is one of the world's oldest literatures. The earliest reference to Sindhi literature is contained in the writings of Arab historians. It is established that Sindhi was the first Eastern language into the Quran, when it was translated in the 8th or 9th century. There is evidence of Sindhi poets reciting their verses before the Muslim Caliphs in Baghdad.[6] It is also recorded that treatises were written in Sindhi on astronomy, medicine and history during the 8th and 9th centuries.[7]

Poetry Sindhi poetry is also prominent in Sindhi culture. Poetry of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. Sachal Sarmast is very famous amongst all of Pakistanis.

Music

Abida Parveen has popularized Sindh and Pakistan in the world.

Main article: Sindhi music Sindhi music has its own unique quality. It is performed in many different ways. Sufi music is performed at shrines, and other simple music is performed at studios and gatherings.[8]

Sports There are many regional sports that are played in Sindh. Malakhiro is one of the famous sports of Sindh. Other sports include Wanjh wati, Kodi Kodi, Beelarhoo, Thipai Rand, Notinn and Biloor,cricket,football.

Cultural Character The ancient Sindhi civilization was the place, where the aesthetic utilization of leisure was freely indulged. There has been evidence, that the excavations of sites dating back to 3000 BC (all over Sindh) is also true, around 1200 years ago when Jaina Dakshiniya Chihna (778 AD) described the distinguished features of Sindhis in this way: "Elegant, with a lovely, soft and slow gait, they are fond of the art of Gandharvas (that is, songs, music and dancing) and full affection towards their country." :Nasir Kalwar

Sindhi Cultural Day (Ekta Day)

Karachi:Teen Talwar wrapped in Ajrak in connection with Sindhi Cultural day Sindhis celebrate Sindh Cultural day worldwide every year on first Sunday of December, by wearing Ajrak & Sindhi Topi. On that occasion, the musical programmes and rallies are held in many cities to mark the day with zeal.Major hallmarks of cities and towns are decorated with Sindhi Ajrak to highlight the cultural values of Sindh. The people across Sindh exchange gifts of Ajrak and Topi at various ceremonies.Even, the children and women are dressed up in Ajrak, assembling at the grand gathering, where famous Sindhi singers sing Sindhi songs, which depicts love and progress of Sindh. The musical performances of the artists compel the participants to dance on Sindhi tunes and ‘Jeay Sindh Jeay-Sindh Wara Jean’.

All Political, social and religious organisations of Sindh, besides the Sindh culture department and administrations of various schools, colleges and universities, organize variety of events including seminars, debates, folk music programmes, drama and theatrics performances, tableau and literary sittings to mark this annual festivity. Sindhi culture, history and heritage are highlighted at the events.

Ekta (Unity) day is observed to display solidarity among the Sindhi-speaking masses, the event is celebrated not only in Karachi, but throughout Sindh. The province’s culture and unity day was celebrated for the first time on December 6, 2009 (as the Sindhi Topi Day) as a backlash to the comments of anchorman Dr Shahid Masood who had criticised President Asif Ali Zardari for wearing a Sindhi cap on his foreign tours. People across the Sindh province condemned Masood’s comments via SMS, which ultimately resulted in the announcement of celebrating the Sindhi Topi Day. Moreover, the KTN Group had started issuing a call for observing a unity day, and a large number of people responded to the call and started celebrating the culture and the unity days.Ever since, Sindhi media groups have started to celebrate the day as ‘Sindhi Cultural Day’ or 'Ekta day'.The Sindhi language TV channels including KTN, Sindh TV, Awaz TV and Mehran TV broadcast special programmes on the culture of Sindh, besides these media outlets separately arrange the mega musical events, which also attract large audience to celebrate the Culture Day every year. The Sindhi language TV channels and Political Parties of Sindh, first time celebrated Sindhi Cultural Day (Ekta Day), together on December 8, 2013.

elebrated Sindhi Cultural Day (Ekta Day), together on December 8, 2013.

Portrait of a Sindhi Hindu girl from Sindh

Portrait of a Sindhi Muslim girl from Sindh

The great Sindhi Sufi singer, Abida Parveen visited Oslo in September 2007

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Junior in traditional Sindhi dress See also Sindh Sindhi Tomb paintings of Sindh Sindhi dress Sindhi cuisine Notes ↑ Sindhi Culture And Customs. Retrieved on 9 July 2008. ↑ Thakur, U (1959). Sindhi Culture. University of Bombay. ↑ http://www.jhulelal.com/culture.html ↑ Dani, A.H. and Zaman, W. (1975). Proceedings of the First Congress of Pakistan History & Culture. University of Islamabad Press. ↑ Sindhi Culture. Retrieved on 9 July 2008 ↑ Schimmel, A.M. (1983). Makli Hill: A Center of Islamic Culture in Sindh. First Syed Hussamuddin Rashdi Memorial Lecture. Institute of Central and West Asian Studies, University of Karachi. ↑ Asani, A. (2003). At the Crossroads of Indic and Iranian Civilizations: Sindhi Literary Culture. In S.I. Pollock, Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia. University of California Press. ↑ Yusuf, M. (1975). Sindh Quarterly. Shah Abdul Latif Cultural Society. External links Official website of Sindh about culture Sindhi Sangat - produces many Sindhi Movies, Music Albums, Events Worldwide promoting Sindhi heritage, culture and language Sindh Province of Sindh topics History Indus Valley Civilization (Mohenjo-daro) Sindhu Kingdom Ror dynasty Rai dynasty Brahman dynasty Muslim caliphate Soomra dynasty Samma dynasty Kalhora dynasty Talpur British period Cultural heritage sites Government and politics Provincial Assembly Chief Minister Governor Sindh Archives Commissioners of Sind Bhutto family Sindh Police Sindh High Court Sindh Information Department Sindh Coastal Development Authority Economy Culture Ajrak Sindhi cap Sindh Culture Day Sindhis (List) Sindhi music Sindhi cuisine Sindhi diaspora Sindhi language Sindhi literature Sindhi poetry (Sindhi poets) Sindhi folklore Sindhi folk tales Sindhi nationalism Sindhi Adabi Board Sindhi cinema List of Sindhi-language films Sindhi media Sindhi tribes Sindhology List of Sindhi festivals Cheti Chand Sindhi bhagat Sassui Punnhun Geography List of cities Districts List of talukas Climate (Karachi Hyderabad Nawabshah) Fauna Historical places Indus River Makran Education Education in Karachi Institute of Sindhology Sindh Madressatul Islam University Sindh Museum University of Sindh Sports Sindh cricket team Malakhra