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= What is inside neem that makes it medicinal =

Azadirachra indica
Azadirachta indica also known as Neem is a large tree that grows upto 25m in height and 3 m in girth which is native to Indian subcontinent. The tree has straight to semi straight truck with the branchlets spreading out in such a way that appears as a broad crown. A neem tree lives upto two centuries and starts fruiting after 3-5 years. It grows well in dry temperatures that ranges between 0 degree C to 49 degree C with the average rainfall of about 450-1200mm, but since it can withstand such dry conditions, it can also grow in the areas which receives as low of rainfall as 150-250 mm. The pH range for the Neem tree growth is between 4-10. Neem is known for it's use in Ayurvedic medicine, and also for the claim that parts of the plant contain compounds with proven antiseptic, antiviral, antifungal uses etc. With the increasing awareness about the medicinal plants and with it being source of insecticide, pesticide etc, it is known for being one of the most promising tree of 21st century. (Needs citation from article- Neem - a green treasure)

As suggested by Ayurveda, Neem's bark is cool, bitter, astringent, and refrigerant which is helpful in curing cough, fever, loss of appetite etc. It is also known for healing wounds, excessive thirst, and diabetes. Neem is also called Sarvaroga nivarini, sanskrit word that means the curer of all ailments.

Bioactive Neem compounds
Nimbidin (crude bitter princile) isolated from the oil of seed kernels of A. indica demonstrates biological activity which posses dose dependent anti inflammatory activity against carrageenin induced acute paw oedema in rats and formalin induced arthritis. Nimbidin also has Antipyratic activity, and the oral administration of nimbidin has a significant hypogylcaemic effect as observed in fasting rabits. Not just that, but it can also supress basal, histamine, and carbachol stimulated gastric acid output, and act as an antihistamine by blocking H2 receptors, which allows neem to be helpful as an antiulcer agent. Gedunin which is typically isolated from the neem seed oil possesses both antifungal and antimalarial activities. Also, Azadirachtin which is isolated from the neem seed is highly oxygenated C- secomeliacins, and has strong antifeedent and antimalarial activity which acts to inhibit the development of malarial parasites. Mahamoodin isolated from the seed oil of neem is a deoxygedunin shows antibacterial properties against human pathogens.

The neem bark contains condensed tannins has gallic acid, gallocatechin (+), epicatechim, catechin, and epigalocatechin. Out of which gallic acid. epicatechim, and catechin plays a crucial role in inhibiting the generation of chemiluminescence by activiating human polymorphonuclear neutrophill (PMN). they basically inhibit oxidative burst of PMN during inflamation.