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Drishti (दृष्टि; IAST:dṛṣṭi), or focused gaze, is a means for developing concentrated intention. It relates to the fifth limb of yoga (pratyahara) concerning sense withdrawal, as well as the sixth limb dharana relating to concetartion.

Description
Each yoga āsana is associated with a particular dṛṣṭi. There are nine dṛṣṭis (when you count Pārśva Dṛṣṭi's left and right sides).:

Angusthamadhye
For Aṅguṣṭhamadhye dṛṣṭi (अङ्गूष्ठमध्ये; meaning "to the middle of the thumb") the practicioner looks to the thumb.

Examples of asanas which have Aṅguṣṭhamadhyai as their dṛṣṭi can be found in the Sūrya Namaskāra vinyasas;  Ūrdhva Vṛkṣāsana,  Utkaṭāsana, and  Vīrabhadrāsana A use Aṅguṣṭhamadhye as their dṛṣṭi.

Bhrumadhye
The Bhrūmadhye dṛṣṭi (भ्रूमध्ये; meaning "to the middle of the eyeborws/brow") has the gaze set at the "third eye", which is right between the eybrows. In order to do this, the eyes are closed half way. This purportedly stimulates the olfactory and optic nerves, consequently awakening the autonomic and centeral nervous systems. It sooths the cranial nerves and aids concentration, and helps awaken kundalini sakihi. It is advised that caution be taken as prolonged or incorrect practice may cause problems for the eye muscles or nervous system. Initial practice is often done for only minutes at a time, but is gradually increased to up to ten minute intervals.

An example of a vinyasa which includes the Bhrūmadhye dṛṣṭi in its practice is Sūrya Namaskāraˌ wherein the Bhrūmadhye dṛṣṭi is used on the inhale following  Uttānāsana, during  Ūrdhva Mukha Śvānāsana, and again on the inhale following  Adho Mukha Svānāsana (before the final  Uttānāsana in the vinyasa).

Nasagre
The Nāsāgre dṛṣṭi (नासाग्रे; meaning "to the tip of the nose" ) has the eyes fixed on the tip of the nose. Purportedly strengthens the eye muscles.

In Sūrya Namaskāra,  Samasthitiḥ,  Uttānāsana and  Caturāṅga Daṇḍāsana all employ the Nāsāgra dṛṣṭi, as does the transition from  Vīrabhadrāsana A to  Ūrdhva Mukha Śvānāsana. . These are only some of the asanas and vinyasas in which this dṛṣṭi is used.

Hastagrahe
The Hastagrahe dṛṣṭi (हसतग्रहे; generally meaning "the taking of the hand" or "the putting of the hand to", or (in the context of dṛṣṭi) "to the tips of the hand"{ ) invoulves looking at the (usually extended) tips or palm of the hand.

Utthita Trikonasana, and it's twisted partner Parivrta Trikonasana are two examples of asanas which use Hastagraha dṛṣṭi.

Parshva
Pārśva dṛṣṭi (पार्श्व; meaning "the side") involves looking to the left or right side.

The asanas Utthita  Pārśvasahita,  Marīcyāsana C, and  Marīcyāsana D all entail Pārśva dṛṣṭi.

Urdhava
Ūrdhva dṛṣṭi (ऊर्घ्व; meaning "above" or "rising") has the eyes pointing upwards, to the sky.

Some asanas which use Ūrdhva dṛṣṭi are Upaviṣṭha Koṇāsana B and  Ubhaya Pādānguṣṭhāsana.

Nabhicakre
The navel is the center of focus for the Nābhicakre dṛṣṭi (नभिचक्रे; meaning "to the (magical) navel-circle"; the first part of this compound word is "Nābhi" meaning "naval", the second part "cakra" which has come into use in english as chakra.).

Adho-Mukha-Śvānāsana is an asana that uses the Nābhicakra dṛṣṭi.

Padayoragre
Pādayoragre dṛṣṭi (पाडयोरग्रे; meaning "to the tips of the feet") is gazing to the toes.

While the word certainly comes from Sanskrit, and is related to, the exact meaning is obtuse. It has parts which appear similar to pādya (: "concerning feet") or pādaya (: "stretching to the feet"), and pādāgra (पादा * ग्र: "tips of the toes") rendering a potential translation of "stretching to the tips of the feet/toes", however the meaning of "-ora-" is unclear (potentially related to aurasa/-uras- (औरस), meaning "own"). However, reguardless of the linguistic background of this word, the dṛṣṭi's use in practice is clear.

A host of asanas from the  Paścimottānāsana sequence and  Jānu Śīrṣāsana  sequence all employ the Pādayoragre dṛṣṭi.

Theory
The source of dṛṣṭis in yoga is limbs five and six from the | Eight Limbs of Yoga. The fifth limb of yoga pratyahara concerns sense withdrawal. To avoid the delusion and sufferring caused by preoccupation with sense objects as described in the Maitri Upanishad, sense withdrawal is practiced in order to help the practicioner becoe "centered". According to tantric philosophy, keeping "centered" madhya will eventually suspend the mind and prana allowing recognition of bhairava, or device conciousness.

The sixth limb of yoga dharana (concentration), includes maintaining dṛṣṭi during yoga practice in order to ensure dhyana meditation will occur.

Variation Between Styles
There may be differences between different styles regarding how dṛṣṭi is practiced and which are used for specific asanas, however dṛṣṭi is a primary part of at least the Ashtanga Yoga, Hatha Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, and Raja Yoga traditions.