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The surname Mornington is of Irish origin, and linked to the Mornington estates in County Meath, Ireland. It translates in Irish as "Baile Uí Mhornáin", meaning 'Town of the Mariner'.

The first earl of Mornington was the eldest son of Richard Wesley, the first Baron Mornington. Richard Wesley, born Richard Colley, was elevated to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Mornington in 1746. His son, the second Baron, was made the first Earl of Mornington in 1760, and at the same time also became Viscount Wellesley, of Dangan Castle in the County of Meath, also in the Peerage of Ireland. Four of the first earl's sons gained distinction. The third son was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, who defeated Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 (see Duke of Wellington), while the fifth was the diplomat Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley (see Earl Cowley).

In honor of the Earl of Mornington, several places were named Mornington: in the UK (Mornington Crescent in London for example), but also several places in Australia bear the name Mornington (in Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania and Western Australia), places in New Zealand, Chile, etc. (See Mornington - places).