User:Surato1996/sandbox

Conflict Armament Research
Conflict Armament Research also known as CAR was established in 2011 and is an organization that achieves a unique method of evidence gathering of weapon supplies into armed conflicts. Some units of the CAR investigative team identify weapons in a mixture of combat related incidents in order to track the found materials back to the main supplier. CAR focuses on combat material such as ammunition, conventional weapons and military based arsenal.

Areas of Work
CAR works around the world using weapons tracking methods in over 34 countries, but their main priority are in countries such as Syria, South Sudan, Iraq, Libya and Somalia. CAR also has many partnerships with different agencies, trusts and governments such as UNMAS, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, UNSCAR, European Union External Action, German Cooperation, UK Aid, European Commission, United States Department of State and UNIDIR.

iTrace
Within the European Union and the German government, iTrace is a funded and ongoing project based on the control of weapons and their management. In order to identify verified and precise information, the policy makers of iTrace are required to, in detail, have an understanding of weapon transfer regulations. iTrace provides current conflict field investigations of weapons tracking databases that is also accessible by the public, and serves as an exclusive autonomous monitor for the application of the international Arms Control Agreement like as the Arms Trade Treaty. iTrace is also constructed to support weapons control agencies to analyze diversion hazards globally.

Services
CAR administers a variety of different clarifications to meet the demands of a countries government, research facilities and different organizations. CAR provides policy support for weapons support and counter diversions including weapon tracing and identification, record keeping of weapons and marketing, physical security, stockpile management and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR). Also apart of CAR services there is on-the-ground support which focuses on improvised explosive device (IED) and unexploded ordinance (UXO) contamination mapping, combat area damage assessment, investigates anti-poaching and wildlife areas and group monitoring field investigations in support of the United Nations (UN). CAR provides technical training such as weapon tracing and identification, national arms exportation control evaluation, arms management training on an expert level and the design of weapon marking programs of their design.

Reporting
Iraq and Syria

Between July 2014 and November 2017, a three year investigation conducted by the CAR investigation team covered territory ranging from the Northern Syrian city to South Baghdad. Primarily originating in China, Russia and Easter European producer states, about ninety percent of weapons and ammunition have been deployed and used by the Islamic State forces. The weapons and ammunition that were used by the Islamic State Forces, about fifty percent of them were manufactured and were supplied by Russia and China. The findings that were identified by the CAR investigation team are a reminder of contradictions in supplying weapons that happened to be used in armed conflicts in countries where armed conflicts were happening. The reports from the CAR investigation team basically concludes that the weapons supplies that were harvested internationally in the Syrian altercations largely amplified the abundance of weapons that were available to the Islamic State forces.

Yemen
From the beginning of the Yemen conflicts, Houthi forces have deployed increasingly intelligent weapon and surveillance systems against their enemies such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). They are used to target and identify Saudi Arabian coalition missile defense systems which can be referred to kamikaze drone attacks. Between October 2016 through February 2017 the Conflict Armament Research investigation team located and documented more than seven UAVs in which the United Arab Emirates were in possession of. On February 26th, 2017, Houthi forces presented four types of UAVs in which they designed and manufactured themselves. In one of the seven UAVs that the Conflict Armament Research investigation team discovered, the Qasef (Striker 1), was identical to the four UAVs that the Houthi forces had displayed. Upon this discovery, the CAR investigation team concluded that Houthi forces were not the ones producing these UAVs, in fact they predicted that the United Arab Emirates were the ones designing and manufacturing them.

Sudan and South Sudan
Research from the CAR investigation team discovered that there were a small number of international weapons and defense systems suppliers that were traced to the Sudan People's Liberation Army including China, Israel, Ukraine and the United Arab Emirates. In contrast to their findings the South Sudan's Government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army argued that there have been no evidence of new shipments of weapons and ammunition from China or Israel since December, 2013. They apparently have been relying on old weapons and ammunition that have cycled among civilians and throughout the county and neighboring countries. Since 2014 the CAR investigation team have documented that China had supplied 99% of ammunition and 37% of weapons that have cycled through multiple African conflicts, especially in South Sudan. 5% of the documented weapons that were found by the Car investigation team in South Sudan were Israeli made, and had markings on the weapons that were labeled ISB and NSS, which indicates that they were originally intended for the International Security Bureau of the National Security Service. These findings support the hypothesis conducted by the CAR investigation team that there was a third party from those countries that were trying to smuggle weapons and ammunition into South Sudan.

The Sahel
Throughout six different countries in Africa and the middle east CAR documented weapons that had a high chance of originating in the Libyan stockpiles. The weapons that were documented were Russian manufactured SA-7b MANPADS, North Korean manufactured 40 mm F7 type rockets m79 90 HEAT rockets, Polish style assault rifles, and Belgium and French style assault rifles. Outside of Libya there has been an increased weapon and ammunition flow that has been traveling into the Sahel region which has been increasing the armed violence in Sahel. Some of the weaponry that has been flowing into Sahel are Sudanese small arms ammunition that has been cycling through Southern Libya and Mali, Russian and Chinese small arm ammunition, and ammunition that have been used by Islamist combatants.

Mali
Between 2012 and 2013 CAR reported and identified 41 different types of weapons and ammunition types from small caliber ammunition and small arms weapons, light weapons and light ammunition, mortars, rockets, IED's and grenades. There were also larger conventional weapons such as rocket launchers, cannons, grenade launchers and launch rocket systems. Armored military vehicles were also documented in Northern Mali by the CAR investigation team but it is unknown to them where the vehicles came from.

Central African Republic
Between April and September 2014 the Conflict Armament Research investigation team conducted a six month field investigation that presented identifications of weapons, ammunition and armed vehicles that were used by non state armed groups that happened to be located within the Central African Republic. These materials were supplied to the Seleka rebel forces from Sudan and also European suppliers.

Reports
Reporting is the information given on a particular matter in the form of an official document, after a thorough investigation has been overseen by a person or an organization. The current reports that have been conducted by the CAR investigation team are; Weapon's supplies into South Sudan's civil war: A three year investigation on how military equipment has reached all aspects of the civil war. Weapon's of the Islamic State: A three year investigation that was conducted in Iraq and Syria that focused on the Islamic supply chains. Between 2014 and 2017 more than 40,000 items including improvised explosive devices (IED), ammunition and weapons have been recovered from those areas. Sudanese stockpiles and regional weapon diversion: Sudan People's Liberation Army were investigated and analyzed because they were in possession of captured equipment recovered by CAR. Investigation of cross-boarder weapon transfers: A ten month investigation that was conducted in over eight countries and uncovered sources of weapons for armed group

/9*at was conducted in Iraq and Syria and uncovered over 700 components to manufacture improvised explosive devices. Armed groups in the Central African Republic: A six month investigation that different types and sources of weapons, ammunition and military vehicles in the Central African Republic. Distribution of Iranian ammunition in Africa: A six year collaborative investigation which portrays evidence of Iranian ammunition distributed in nine different African countries. Supplies were distributed to rebel forces, foreign insurgents, Islamist armed groups and different civilian communities. Rebel forces in northern Mali: