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BROME MOSAIC VIRUS - VECTOR BIOLOGY

"XIPHINEMA SPP., PUTATIVE VECTORS FOR BROME MOSAIC VIRUS (BMV), ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH BMV-INFECTED WHEAT PLANTS IN ALABAMA"

Srivatsavai V. S. K., R. N. Huettel, and J. F. Murphy. 2006. Xiphinema spp., putative vectors for Brome mosaic virus (BMV), are not associated with BMV-infected wheat plants in Alabama. Nematropica 36:269-272'.

http://journals.fcla.edu/nematropica/article/view/64408/62076

''Brome mosaic virus (BMV) was first detected in Alabama on wheat in 2002. Since that time it has been detected in wheat plants in all counties where wheat is grown, indicating it has become established in all wheat growing regions of the state. Wheat is an important winter crop in Alabama and is grown for both seed and animal feed. A vector for BMV has been reported to be the dagger nematode, Xiphinema spp. This study was conducted to determine if this nematode was associated with wheat production and the occurrence of the virus in Alabama. Soil samples were collected from a wheat variety trial and grower wheat fields throughout the state monthly during the growing season. Nematodes were extracted using the sugar flotation method and identified. The virus was detected using a BMV-specific direct double antibody sandwich ELISA. Although plant parasitic nematodes were detected in all samples, no Xiphinema spp. were found in relation to any wheat field in which BMV-infected plants occurred. However, in some locations Xiphinema spp. were isolated from soil samples taken from adjacent fields associated with other crops which are not considered hosts for BMV. In Alabama, Xiphinema spp. were not found to be associated with the occurrence of BMV in wheat fields and, therefore, is not the primary vector of this virus.'' Key words: Dagger nematode, distribution, transmission, Triticum aestivum, wheat

"Flea Beetles are one of the vectors for Brome Mosaic Virus"

''Title:	IDENTIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION AND VECTOR BIOLOGY OF BROME MOSAIC VIRUS OF WHEAT IN ALABAMA. Author:	SRIVATSAVAI, VENKATA Abstract:	IDENTIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION AND VECTOR BIOLOGY OF BROME MOSAIC VIRUS OF WHEAT IN ALABAMA. Wheat leaves were collected from different counties in Alabama. The collected wheat leaves were tested for the presence of Brome mosaic virus (BMV) using direct double antibody sandwich ELISA. BMV was identified from Escambia, Mobile, Elmore, Autauga, Dallas, Henry, Macon, Baldwin, Dekalb and Limestone counties suggesting that this virus was becoming established throughout the state. Weeds growing in the vicinity of the wheat fields were collected at E.V.Smith Research Center (EVSRC) in Shorter, AL and Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center (GCREC) in Fairhope, AL during April and May of 2004 and 2005. Oenothera laciniata (Evening Primrose) was the only weed species that tested positive for BMV. Soil samples were collected from one wheat variety trial at the EVSRC two times per month from October to May and at other fields in different counties throughout the state monthly during the wheat growing season. Nematodes were extracted by sugar flotation and identified. Even though plant parasitic nematodes were detected in all samples, no Xiphinema spp. were found in relation to any wheat field. However, Xiphinema sp. was found in an adjacent peanut field at EVSRC. Therefore, in Alabama, Xiphinema spp. were neither associated with nor likely to be the vector of BMV. Altica foliaceae, flea beetles were collected from wheat and O. laciniata plants at EVSRC and GCREC during April and May of 2005. The beetles were allowed to feed simultaneously on BMV (Oklahoma strain) infected wheat plants in one pot and uninfected wheat plants in three other pots in an insect cage in the green house. The flea beetles were able to transmit the virus from infected plants to uninfected plants indicating the vector behavior of the insects. The flea beetles collected were mostly associated with O. laciniata, a weed commonly found around the wheat fields. Both the O. laciniata and Altica foliaceae tested positive by ELISA for the virus suggesting that the flea beetles are a vector for BMV in Alabama, and might be involved in transmitting the virus from O. laciniata to wheat fields.]Italic text''

http://etd.auburn.edu/etd/handle/10415/1266