User:SusanFrancisco/sandbox

The information I added pertains to Etymology and in particular Tribal Societies, primarily focusing on a lager aspect of the Native American Tribes and association with NAGPRA and some background information on some African Tribes, primarily the Zulu tribe in South Africa.

In this article on different Tribes, the main focus was on the Native American Tribes such as the Sioux Indian Tribe, the Mohawk ans the Iroquois. The topic on this section is on tribal societies, there are so many more other tribal societies such as ones i Africa. I will begin with mentioning some of the tribal societies in Africa( which are more than 100) and further discuss some of their customs. As a half native individual from South Africa I have some background knowledge on some of the tribes that are still standing there. A few of the tribes include the Zulu, Ndebele and the Xhosa tribe. Focusing primarily on the Zulu Tribe, which is the biggest tribe in South Africa. In the early 19th century a hug population of black South Africans were under the leadership of a great empire leader named Shaka Zulu. Their society tends to primarily Christian and they believe in the ancestral powers. The Zulu community is known to be warm heartened, they create pottery with designs on them. Relating to the textbook on "What does it mean to be human" by R. Lavenda and E. Schultz, a tribe is considered as a society which consist of more individuals residing in a specific community. The Zulu community can also fall under being a chiefdom and further broken down into tribes and states, because they were once commanded by Shaka Zulu, a well known Bantu leader and warrior who fought for his kingdom which is still so powerful till this day. They also mention chiefdom, bands, status and states. How this relates to the Zulu culture is that the men in the Zulu tribes/societies are usually the bread winners and the leaders if the house, they take control and posses most of the items and responsibilities in the household. There are still some families that practice chiefdom in the Zulu societies but not as many. There is a bit of sodalities, which is according to Lavenda and Schultz are group gatherings whereby individuals are split up into groups that pertain to their sex,economic status etc. For example these expectations have always been the same for this tribe but other neighboring tribes in South Africa follow these same sodalities. In this case younger adults are required to go to school, women and girls are to do house chores or duties. Moving on to a Native American Tribal society,in today's modern world. A section from the textbook on "What does it mean to be Human" by Lavenda and Schultz, on Native American DNA testing with the influence of the NAGPRA (Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act). There had been issues with the excavation of Native American skeletal artifacts, some have even ended up in labs and museums. This has interfered the current and still living Native Americans, in their rightful way, they want to use those artifacts to find out information and relation to their fallen relatives. Therefore NAGPRA has made it necessary for archaeologists to confide with these indigenous individuals if they find any remains. This is beneficial because it helps Native Americans find out what society they belonged to, whether it be Sioux, Mohawk or any other tribe. It allows them to have some history on their past and practice what they need to with regards to their tribe. — Preceding unsigned comment added by SusanFrancisco (talk • contribs) 19:03, 6 May 2020 (UTC)

Lavenda, Robert H., and Emily A. Schultz. Anthropology: What Does It Mean to Be Human. Fourth ed., New York, Oxford UP, 2008-2018