User:Svadhisthana/Electric shock sensations

Terminology and Classification

 * Of the terms "brain zaps," "brain shivers," and "electric shock sensations," the last is found most frequently in credible sources.
 * Electric shock sensations are often referred to in medical literature as co-occurring with, or a type of paresthesia. Other sources have related them to Lhermitte's sign, a form of dysesthesia.


 * Documents referring to it as a type of paresthesia are either old, or, in at least once case I've seen, used when pointing out how inaccurate such a label was. It really has nothing to do with paresthesia, the description simply fit best for physicians who did not have much experience with the phenomenon. I strongly urge you to take into account only the most recent published information on this, as it's only been about 15 years that it's even really been known about and yet our understanding has evolved. At the very least, clarify that the phenomenon is sometimes labeled paresthesia mostly as a matter of convenience than any sort of biological similarity. Emjaymj (talk) 05:01, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

Conditions

 * Multiple sclerosis
 * Neuropathic pain
 * Epileptic seizures
 * Spinal disc herniation
 * Rheumatoid cervical myelopathy
 * Spinal epidural abscess
 * Alveolar, lingual, or mental nerve block
 * Reflex-sensitive spinal segmental myoclonus
 * Ankylosing spondylitis
 * Vitamin B12 deficiency
 * Drug related
 * SSRI/SNRI discontinuation syndrome: Sertraline (Zoloft), Paroxetine (Paxil), Citalopram (Celexa), Venlafaxine (Effexor), Escitalopram (Lexapro), Fluoxetine (Prozac), Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
 * Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome: Clonazepam (Klonopin), Lorazepam (Ativan), Alprazolam (Xanax)
 * Side-effects (not withdrawal): Buspirone (Buspar)

Procedures

 * Electroporation Therapy
 * Occipital nerve stimulation (see also Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator)
 * Cervical spine surgery (see also Neurosurgery and ICD-9-CM Volume 3)
 * Cutaneous electrosurgery

Verifiable

 * http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/331/7520/824
 * http://64.233.179.104/scholar?hl=en&lr=&safe=off&q=cache:2Xs9-8ZJ91kJ:100ans.cda-adc.ca/jadc/vol-72/issue-6/559.pdf+%22electric+shock+sensations%22
 * http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1947963
 * http://www.medlink.com/medlinkcontent.asp

Possibly/Indirectly Verifiable

 * http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/multiple-sclerosis/DS00188/DSECTION=symptoms
 * http://orthopedics.about.com/cs/herniateddisk/a/ruptureddisk.htm
 * http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Brain-zaps

Unverifiable

 * http://theblondepharmacist.wordpress.com/2007/11/17/brain-shivers-brain-zaps-brain-shocks/
 * http://depression.about.com/b/2005/02/22/good-description-of-brain-shivers.htm