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= Autumn Uprising of 1946 =

Background
After liberation, the lives of Koreans in South Korea under the USAMGIK(United States Army Military Government in Korea, ko:재조선미육군사령부군정청) command of the US Army Command in South Korea were starving. This was because the U.S. military government's rice ration policy failed. The hunger in Daegu, where cholera outbreaks during this period, was particularly severe. After 2,000 cholera patients occurred in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do, the country blocked Daegu by saying that it prevented the transmission without taking proper measures for treatment. As a result, the supply of crops and daily necessities was cut off as not only vehicles but also people could not cross the city boundary. Above all, rice was scarce.

At that time, even if there was money, rice could not be obtained, so even doctors who cured cholera said that they were about to boil porridge with bean sprouts and rice. In addition, police from the former pro-Japanese who were hired as the national police took the rice from farmers in the same way as during the Japanese colonial period. Citizens' resentment against pro-Japanese policemen grew very much, and police retaliated against the citizens somewhere. Among these, the public sentiment of Daegu and Gyeongbuk was very chaotic.

According to the diary written by Stikoff of the Soviet military regime, it was written that orders and funds were involved. At the time of the September general strike that shook South Korea in 1946, the Soviet military government in North Korea provided 2 million yen to the Communist Party of Korea, and provided additional funds(3 million yen or more) three times during the Daegu riots in October that followed, and even ordered action guidelines for the strike struggle. This is shown in a diary written by Terenty Stikoff (1907-1964), vice commander of the politics of the Maritime Military District, who was then the chief officer of the Soviet military government and a member of the military council.

Daegu
When the Communist Party of Korea held a general strike in September, the Jeonpyeong leadership in Daegu began a general strike from September 23, and strikes and demonstrations continued until October 1. On October 1st, labor organizations gathered in Daegu and held a May Day event. Park Heon-young, who fled to Haeju and returned after visiting the Soviet Union, came down to the Gyeongseongbu and attended the Gyeongseong May Day event, recited congratulatory remarks, and his congratulations were read aloud at May Day events in other regions. However, the May Day event turned into a case against the US military government.

However, on the evening of October 1, during a protest in front of the Daegu Prefectural Office to prepare countermeasures against hunger, civilians named Hwang Mal-yong and Kim Jong-tae were shot and killed when the police fired. The location of the Daegu-bucheong, the origin of this incident, is today Gyeongsang Gamyeong Park. As the situation became more serious, Park Heon-young urged an end to the armed protests, and urged them not to unnecessarily stimulate the U.S. military government, but the situation spread out of control and proceeded to a physical violence between police officers and participants. Park Heon-young immediately left Seoul and took refuge.

North Gyeongsang Province
The unrest seemed to be calming around October 2nd, but the incident spread throughout Gyeongbuk as neighbors moved to other areas to protest and cause riots. In Yeongcheon, 10,000 protesters raided the police station, killed military officers, police officers, and officials, and set fire to the police station and post office. (October 3) When the police cheering squad arrived, order was restored, but police officers and right-wing youth members looted and devastated the houses of those involved in the incident. Here in Yeongcheon alone, 1,200 houses were burned down and destroyed, resulting in 40 deaths, 43 serious injuries, and 1 billion won in damage.

In Seonsan-gun (now Gumi), the instigators did not come down, but a crowd of 2,000 people led by Park Sang-hee attacked the Gumi Police Station, paralyzing the function of the police station, and hung a signboard of the Sunsan People's Committee Security Station to manage the area. They imprisoned the police and right-wing personnel and destroyed the wealth of the wealthy.

Sorth Gyeongsang Province
The Gyeongnam region is the place where the general strike in September, which was the start of the Daegu 10.1 incident, began. However, unlike other regions, the September general strike was very passive and moderate, and even during the October incident, there were decentralized and isolated events. (Even so, incidents have occurred in many areas.)

Chungcheong Province
The incident in Gyeongsang-do moved to Chungcheong-do and spread. In Chungcheong-do, the incident mainly occurred in the northwestern region. Civilian unrest occurred on the 17th to 19th in Chungnam, and on October 4th and 7th in Chungbuk.

On October 17th, a police station was attacked in Dangjin, occupying public facilities, cutting communication lines, and blasting bridges. Starting with that incident, the northwestern part of Chungcheongnam-do was caught up in the incident. In Hongseong, police fired indiscriminately at crowds protesting for rice and land, killing four people. Unrest also occurred in Yesan, Seonsan, and Cheonan, threatening the police and right-wing forces.

Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, Hwanghae Province, Gangwon Province
As the incident subsided in Chungcheong-do, unrest broke out in Gyeonggi-do and Hwanghae-do provinces. In Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do, they fought to kill the police and burn the police station. In Gaepung, the chief of police was murdered, and most of the branch offices were attacked over two days. In Paju, a riot was planned and discovered in advance, and all the leaders were arrested.

Finally, protests took place in Seoul as well. On the 3rd, a crowd of 1,200 people joined the students and sang a song in front of the city hall, and at noon on the 21st, 2,000 people gathered at the Jongno intersection and advanced to Dongdaemun. However, in front of the Christian Youth Hall, the crowd was disbanded by the mass fire of the armed police, and a boxer passing by was murdered. On that day, protests broke out at Jongno 5-ga and a bomb exploded at Seoul Station. On November 2, after the month passed, protests took place in front of Namdaemun.

In addition, demonstrations and raids were followed in Incheon, Yeonbaek, and Jangdan areas, and incidents occurred from October 20 to 22 (excluding Incheon).

Honam
The series of events that were likely to sweep across South Korea stopped from October 23rd to 28th for about a week. The US military government and the right-wing forces judged that Left-wing extremists are waiting for the harvest season and the military and police to collect rice, and they think the US military government will focus on agitation that it has no right to collect rice.

However, this was a period during which the left was preparing for work in Jeolla-do. For that reason, the incidents in Jeollanam-do, in particular, were as big and violent as in Gyeongbuk in the early days of the incident.

In Jeolla-do, the incident began in Jeollanam-do around the end of October. From October 30th, miners in Hwasun District attempted to march toward Gwangju. On the next day, the 31st, even women and children marched together, but it was stopped due to the persuasion of the US military without any other conflict. However, on November 4, the miners fought fiercely against the U.S. military and the police, and the miners and civilians blocked the roads and bridges and overthrew the jeep on the military police. And miners and civilians fired stones and bullets, showing hostility toward the US military and police.

Damage
As the October incident expanded to a nationwide protest, the police alone could not suppress it. For this reason, the help of anti-communist right-wing personnel, such as the U.S. military and the South Korean Defense Guard, as well as the Korean Democratic Party, the Korean National Youth Association, the Northwest Youth League, and Baekuisa(ko:백의사), were needed in each region. As a result, a number of people involved in various anti-communist right-wing organizations, including the Korean National Youth Association, Baekuisa, and the Northwest Youth League, inflicted repeatedly terrorism or property damage on the grounds of arresting the leftists who participated in the protests. (To avoid this, some leftists and civilians even fled to the mountains.)

The various aspects of the day
Pak Hon-young referred to this incident as the 'October People's Uprising,' and evaluated it as the'Three Great People's Uprisings of Joseon along with the Donghak Peasant Revolution and the March 1st Movement'. In fact, the Korean Communist Party has never officially instigated protests, local Communist Party members were killed or taken to jail while fighting at the forefront of self-sustaining demonstrators in every town.

On the other hand, the right-wing forces criticized the case vigorously, and the Korean Democratic Party in particular criticized it all at once, saying, ‘This strike struggle was caused by the incitement of Park Heon-young's gang.’

Criticism about this incident poured out from within the left wing. Representatives of the nine left-wing political parties (Jeong Baek and Lee Young), excluding the Chosun Communist Party, held an emergency meeting and fiercely criticized the fight as 'adventureism fought by the Communist Party of Park Heon-young.

Significance and Impact
From the perspective of the participants of the October incident, this incident was a large-scale demonstration with over 2 million people participating, spreading from Daegu Gyeongbuk to surrounding Gyeongsangnam-do. While the protests were intensifying, the organization of the Communist Party of Korea, the Federation of Korean Peasants, and the Jeonpyeong (National Council of the Korean Workers' Union) were involved, but senior Communist Party officials ran around in the back, not knowing how to handle the situation. The root cause of this incident was the orders and funds of the Soviet military government's Stikoff.

Because of the Joseon Communist Party, which received this order, some systems that remained as it was during the Japanese colonial period, the U.S. military and military governments' food policy failures, harsh purchases, hunting for the public(by the U.S. Military Police, Northwest North Korean Youth Corps, and the Anti-Communist Youth Corps), the public sentiment became chaotic, and it was expressed in anger.