User:Swancology/sandbox

PROPRANOLOL

Sources: 10.1038/nn.2271

10.1038/npp.2015.315

Muravieva, E.V. & Alverini, C. M.

10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00412-8

10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01279-3

10.1016/j.n/m.2016.01.009

10.138/npp.2015.315

10.1016/j.biopsch.2011.10.028

Kroes, M.C.N., Strange, B. A., & Dolan, R. J. (2010). J. Neuroscience, 30, 3959-3963

Crain, 2016. The Cure for Fear, The New Republic

A growing body of research has identified propranolol as an effective, although still debated, cure for several types of fear in the form of both fearful memories and conditioned fears such as fear of flying or fear of dogs. Memory reconsolidation is the process by which stored memories become "flexible" again. Specifically a memory, once reactivated to the present, can be influenced or altered by the most recent telling of that memory. In the case of fearful memories, this means that the brain's current memory of a fearful event isn't really the original memory but the memory from its most recent recall. it is this recall and subsequent restoring of the memory that marks a period whereby the affect for the event (fear) can be separated from the episodic memory of the event so that in subsequent recalls, the brain is "tricked" into believing you are not afraid of the event because the last time you recalled it, the fear was not stored as part of the memory.

In treating fear, propranolol is prescribed as either a single dose or repeated dosing following recall of or exposure to, a fearful event. it is believed that propranolol disrupts the communication between the affect centers of the brain, including the hippocampus and the amygdala, and the episodic memory centers, including the ???

Propranolol has been used to treat PTSD in both soldiers and crime victims, fear of rodents, fear of flying and?

In regards to treating PTSD, the research has been mixed. One study found that 75% of people suffering from PTSD were fear-free following a single dose of propranolol administered following recall of the traumatizing event and that the remaining 25% were fear-free after a second round of propranolol.