User:THoeller1099/sandbox

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History:

Manuel Blum introduced coin flipping as part of a classical system in 1983 based on computational algorithms and assumptions. Blum’s version of coin flipping answers the following cryptographic problem:

Thus, the problem with Alice and Bob is that they do not trust each other; the only resource they have is the telephone communication channel, and there is not a third party available to read the coin. Therefore, Alice and Bob must be either truthful and agree on a value or be convinced that the other is cheating.

In 1984, quantum cryptography emerged from a paper written by Charles H. Bennett and Giles Brassard. In this paper, the two introduced the idea of using quantum mechanics to enhance previous cryptographic protocols such as coin flipping. Since then, many researchers have applied quantum mechanics to cryptography as they have proven theoretically to be more secure than classical cryptography, however, demonstrating these protocols in practical systems is difficult to accomplish.

As published in 2014, a group of scientists at the Laboratory for Communication and Processing of Information (LTCI) in Paris have implemented quantum coin flipping protocols experimentally. The researchers have reported that the protocol performs better than a classical system over a suitable distance for a metropolitan area optical network.

Classical Coin Flip
In 2012, a pair of physicists in the US claimed that all classical probabilities can be collapsed into quantum probabilities. They concluded that fluid interactions on a microscopic scale can amplify minute quantum fluctuations, which can then propagate to macroscopic scales... In essence, something that seems probabilistically simple (e.g. a coin toss) actually relies on a cascading series of processes with a nearly exponentially growing level of uncertainty. So any time someone flips a coin they are, in some capacity, performing a Schrodinger's cat experiment where the coin can be considered simultaneously both heads and tails.

classical coin flip

https://physicsworld.com/a/the-quantum-coin-toss/ (link for this)