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I will be editing the Funerary archaeology page.

I vow to submit proposed edits to this sandbox.

Our Wikipedia project page (funerary archaeology) was created on June 16th, 2021 by Gaia Octavia Agrippa. The first, last, and all citations on the page are by Gaia Octavia Agrippa on June 16th, 2021.

Test Edits to make Cal NAGPRA page:

= Cal NAGPRA =

Introduction
Cal NAGPRA (Assembly Bill (978)) was an act created by the state of California which was signed into law in 2001. The act was created to implement the same repatriation expectations for state-funded institutions, museums, repositories, or collections as those federally supported through NAGPRA (hyperlink to NAGPRA page). Cal NAGPRA also supports non-federally recognized tribes within California that were exempt from legal rights to repatriation under the federal NAGPRA act.

Limitation:
Cal NAGPRA has had some limitations including insufficient enforcement and a limited scope of coverage. Increased education and outreach efforts, stronger enforcement mechanisms, and expanded coverage to include a broader range of institutions and collectors are all needed to improve the law.

Cal NAGPRA offers the ability for tribes to repatriate ancestors and objects but there are over 500 federally recognized tribes within the United States who have different views on repatriation from one another. Tribes such as the California Chumash and Eastern Shoshone are not interested in the repatriation of remains. For the California Chumash this is because the bones were removed from their original burial areas they have also lost their cultural identity.

Improvement:
Cal NAGPRA was further amended in 2018 to include requirements for the University of California institutions to develop and implement a repatriation oversight committee that consults with the greater California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to assess the U.C. systems compliance with NAGPRA and Cal NAGPRA.

In 2020, state Bill AB 275 was passed and signed to strengthen Cal NAGPRA for non-federally recognized Native American tribes in California and increase the status of tribal traditional knowledge in assessing cultural affiliation and identifying cultural artifacts.

Enhance Collaboration with California Indigenous People:
Involving California Indigenous communities in the repatriation process and recognizing their knowledge and expertise in understanding their own cultural heritage is essential. Archaeologists and California Indigenous people can get a more thorough knowledge of the remains and foster cultural understanding and appreciation by working together in a respectful and collaborative manner.

Muwekma Ohlone Tribe:
The Muwekma Ohlone, who live in the San Francisco Bay area, were depopulated by Spanish colonial oppression and were once defined as extinct. The introduction of Cal NAGPRA prompted interaction between Muwekma Ohlone and archaeologists, and Muwekma Ohlone reconnected with the culture and spirit of her ancestors through her participation in archaeological research as well as repatriated remains.

California Chumash Tribe:
The California Chumash tribe has worked alongside archaeologists, such as Philip Walker with UC Santa Barbra, for three decades to accomplish the repatriation of many of their ancestors' remains. The remains are stored according to Chumash customs and buried on native Chumash land. The Chumash have also come to an agreement with scientists that they may use the remains for study under tribal-approved scientific circumstances. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Edits for Funerary Archaeology wikipedia page:


 * 1) Funerary archaeology within the United States has become connected with the legal system after the implication of the Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act established in 1909. The act set requirements that any facility, museum, or repository receiving federal funds must declare and return any human remains or funerary artifacts to a federally recognized tribe if cultural affiliation can be declared between the tribe and the artifacts in the facilities possession.

2. In order to determine if a tribe or descendant has cultural affiliation there are nine affiliations to examine: geography, kinship, biological, archaeological, anthropological, linguistic, folklore, oral tradition, and historical. If affiliation can be determined and the tribe is federally recognized, the remains or funerary artifacts can be returned under NAGPRA.

3. Cal NAGPRA (Assembly Bill (978)) is an act created by the state of California which was signed into law in 2001. The act was created to implement the same repatriation expectations for state funded institutions, museums, repositories, or collections as those federally supported through NAGPRA. Cal NAGPRA also supports non-federally recognized tribes within California which were exempt from legal rights to repatriation under the federal NAGPRA act.

4. Cal NAGPRA was further amended in 2018 to include requirements for University of California institutions to develop and implement a repatriation oversight committee which consults with the greater California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to assess the U.C. systems compliance with NAGPRA and Cal NAGPRA.

5. NAGPRA as well as Cal NAGPRA offer the ability for tribes to repatriate ancestors and objects but there are over 500 federally recognized tribes within the United State who have different views on repatriation from one another. Tribes such as the California Chumash, Eastern Shoshone, Zuni, and Navajo are not interested in repatriation of remains. For the California Chumash and Zuni, because the bones were removed from their original burial areas they have also lost their cultural identity as well.