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Controversy
Some disagree with the design of the African American Heart Failure Trial(A-HeFT) leading to BiDil’s approval from the Food and Drug Administration because the trial failed to include any non-African American test subjects. This caused the effectiveness of BiDil as a drug targeted at African Americans to be up for debate. Troy Duster, Chancellor’s Professor of Sociology at UC Berkeley explained this controversy further when he stated, "The clinical trials for BiDil were conducted on only 1,050 African-Americans. No other groups were studied. Thus, the research had no case controls, the gold standard of scientific work in this field." Without a comparison between phenotypically African Americans and other perceived racial groups, BiDil lacks evidence of its efficacy.