User:TSRL/sandbox/Current/Ford 14-AT

The Ford 14-A was a prototype three-engined, large, streamlined, 32 passenger aircraft built in 1932. Though apparently completed, it never flew.

Design and development
The 14-A had only weak links with Ford's earlier, smaller Trimotor series, with a wingspan 50% greater, more powerful and differently mounted engines and nearly fthree times as many passengers in a much more spacious fuselage.

It was an all-metal aircraft with a thick (4 ft maximum), two spar shoulder wing. Each sub-wing, themselves in two parts, was mounted on a short, rectangular plan centre-section which was an integral part of the fuselage. Beyond this, the wings had tetrahedral plans out to rounded tips. Its ailerons filled the outermost panels and, like the other control surfaces, were balanced.

The fuselage structure was of the open channel truss type with steel members in the central partcarrying wing, engine and undercarriage stresses and dural elsewhere. It was covered in corrugated Alcad sheet. The two pilots were given an excellent view from their enclosed position in the extreme nose, having entered through an external door into the smoking room, then forward through an internal door. There were four passenger compartments, modelled after those used by railway passengers but divided by a central corridor from the rear smoking room door, accommodated four on double, face-to-face seats lit by a large window on each side. The two forward compartments were separated by toilets and a baggage store under the wing from the two aft. All compartments were provided with sound insulation and heating. BACK DOOR Overall the cabin dimensions were 41 ft long, 8 ft wide and 6 ft, a volume of 1948 cuft excluding the central facilities.

The 14-A was unusual in having two different, though closely related types of engines. very differently mounted. Ford had considered replacing the standard tri-motor nose engine by one on a pylon in the unbuilt Ford 12-A and the 14-A's central, 1100 hp Hispano-Suiza 18Sb water-cooled W-18 was pylon-mounted, with each of its three well-separated cylinder banks individually cowled. It was cooled by edge-on radiators in the pylon and drove a three-bladed propeller. The outer engines, two Hispano-Suiza 12Nbr, water-cooled 60° V-12s, were buried in the thick wings. Geared down, they drove larger, four-bladed propellers on long drive shafts. Their edge-on radiators were mounted within the carefully faired landing legs underneath them.

The 14-A's landing gear was also unusual: though the landing legs and the deep wheel fairings were fixed and braced with near-horizontal struts to the lower fuselage members, the wheels themselves could be retracted into their fairings in-flight. The tail wheel was unusually large and well ahead of the tail. Like he main wheels it was mounted on a shock absorber but, additionally, was free to caster.

The tail unit was conventional, with a tapered tailplane mounted on top of the fuselage and braced to it from below and the fin was triangular. Its rudder was rounded and deep, requiring a cut-out in the elevator for movement.