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= Curly Top =

Summary
Curly top is a viral disease that affects many crops. This disease causes plants to be smaller in size, petals and leaves shrink, and twisted and pulled out of shape. They are often caused by curtoviruses (genus Curtovirus), members of the virus family Geminiviridae.The virus is common in the western United States from Mexico to Canada and in the eastern Mediterranean Basin.

Beet curly top virus causes curly top disease in beets and is carried by the beet leafhopper (scientific name: Circulifer tenellus) throughout arid and semi-arid locations. It causes curly top in tomatoes, beans, cucurbits, and other crops.

Curly top disease in spinach can be caused by Beet curly top virus, Pepper curly top virus, or Spinach curly top virus.

Other curly top curtoviruses include Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV), Beet mild curly top virus (BMCTV), and Horseradish curly top virus (HCTV). Turnip curly top virus (TCTV)may also be a species of Curtovirus.

History
The Curly Top Virus was first discovery in 1888 in western United States. Until 1907, the virus fully recognized after people realize that the virus was affecting their crops also decreasing yield. Until now, there are five or six species of curly top viruses.

Host
Beet curly top virus, have a very wide host range within dicot plants, including over 300 species in 44 plant families (Strausbaugh et al., 2008). The most common infected hosts include sugar beets (for which the disease was first named), tomatoes, peppers, beans, potatoes, spinach, cucurbits, cabbage, alfalfa, and many ornamentals. The virus seems to be restricted to trees with broad leaves, because no single-leafed plants were identified as the host of this virus.