User:TUF-KAT/Hornbostel-Sachs index


 * 2: Instruments in which sound is produced through a vibrating membrane
 * 21: Instruments in which the membrane is struck
 * 211: Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly, such as through bare hands, beaters or keyboards
 * 211.1: Instruments in which the body of the drum is dish- or bowl-shaped (kettle drums)
 * 211.11: Single instruments
 * 211.12: Sets of instruments
 * 211.2: Instruments in which the body is tubular (tubular drums)
 * 211.21: Instruments in which the body has the same diameter at the middle and end (cylindrical drums)
 * 211.211: Instruments which have only one usable membrane
 * 211.211.1: Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
 * 211.211.2: Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
 * 211.212: Instruments which have two usable membranes
 * 211.212.1: Single instruments
 * 211.212.2: Sets of instruments
 * 211.22: Instruments in which the body is barrel-shaped (barrel drums)
 * 211.221: Instruments which have only one usable membrane
 * 211.221.1: Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
 * 211.221.2: Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
 * 211.222: Instruments which have two usable membranes
 * 211.222.1: Single instruments
 * 211.222.2: Sets of instruments
 * 211.23: Instruments in which the body is double-conical
 * 211.231: Instruments which have only one usable membrane
 * 211.231.1: Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
 * 211.231.2: Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
 * 211.232: Instruments which have two usable membranes
 * 211.232.1: Single instruments
 * 211.232.2: Sets of instruments
 * 211.24: Instruments in which the body is hourglass-shaped
 * 211.241: Instruments which have only one usable membrane
 * 211.241.1: Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
 * 211.241.2: Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
 * 211.242: Instruments which have two usable membranes
 * 211.242.1: Single instruments
 * 211.242.2: Sets of instruments
 * 211.25: Instruments in which the body is conical-shaped (conical drums)
 * 211.251: Instruments which have only one usable membrane
 * 211.251.1: Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
 * 211.251.2: Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
 * 211.252: Instruments which have two usable membranes
 * 211.252.1: Single instruments
 * 211.252.2: Sets of instruments
 * 211.26: Instruments in which the body is goblet-shaped (goblet drums)
 * 211.261: Instruments which have only one usable membrane
 * 211.261.1: Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
 * 211.261.2: Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
 * 211.262: Instruments which have two usable membranes
 * 211.262.1: Single instruments
 * 211.262.2: Sets of instruments
 * 211.3: Instruments in which the body depth is not greater than the radius of the membrane (frame drums)
 * 211.31: Instruments which do not have a handle
 * 211.311: Instruments which have only one usable membrane
 * 211.312: Instruments which have two usable membranes
 * 211.32: Instruments which have a handle
 * 211.321: Instruments which have only one usable membrane
 * 211.322: Instruments which have two usable membranes
 * 212: Instruments which are shaken, the membrane being vibrated by objects inside the drum (rattle drums)
 * 22: Instruments with a string attached to the membrane, so that when the string is plucked, the membrane vibrates (plucked drums)
 * 23: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction
 * 231: Instruments in which the membrane is vibrated from a stick that is rubbed or used to rub the membrane
 * 231.1: Instruments in which the stick is inserted in a hole in the membrane
 * 231.11: Instruments in which the stick can not be moved and is subject to rubbing, causing friction on the membrane
 * 231.12: Instruments in which the stick is semi-movable, and can be used to rub the membrane
 * 231.13: Instruments in which the stick is freely movable, and is used used to rub the membrane
 * 231.2: Instruments in which the stick is tied upright to the membrane
 * 232: Instruments in which a cord, attached to the membrane, is rubbed
 * 232.1: Instruments in which the drum is held stationary whileplaying
 * 232.11: Instruments which have only one usable membrane
 * 232.12: Instruments which have two usable membranes
 * 232.2: Instruments in which the drum is twirled by a cord, which rubs in a notch on the stick held by the player
 * 233: Instruments in which the membrane is rubbed by hand
 * 24: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates by singing or speaking into it (kazoos)
 * 241: Instruments in which the membrane is vibrated by an unbroken column of wind, without a chamber
 * 242: Instruments in which the membrane is placed in a box, tube or other container

These instruments may be classified with a suffix, depending on how the membrane is attached to the body:


 * 6: Membrane glued to the body
 * 7: Membrane nailed to the body
 * 8: Membrane laced to the body
 * 81: Lacing is cord- or ribbon-bracing, in which the cords stretch between membranes or in the form of a net
 * 811: Lacing does not use a special device to stretch the cords
 * 812: The middle of the lacing has ribbons or cords tied crossways to increase the tension of the lacing (tension ligature)
 * 813: The lacing is zigzag, with every pair of strings attached to a ring or hoop (tension loop)
 * 814: Wedges, placed between the body and the lacing, can be used to alter the tension by adjusting the positioning of the wedges
 * 82: The lacing at the lower end is attached to a non-sonorous hide
 * 821: Lacing does not use a special device to stretch the cords
 * 822: The middle of the lacing has ribbons or cords tied crossways to increase the tension of the lacing (tension ligature)
 * 823: The lacing is zigzag, with every pair of strings attached to a ring or hoop (tension loop)
 * 824: Wedges, placed between the body and the lacing, can be used to alter the tension by adjusting the positioning of the wedges
 * 83: The lacing at the lower end is attached to an auxiliary board
 * 831: Lacing does not use a special device to stretch the cords
 * 832: The middle of the lacing has ribbons or cords tied crossways to increase the tension of the lacing (tension ligature)
 * 833: The lacing is zigzag, with every pair of strings attached to a ring or hoop (tension loop)
 * 834: Wedges, placed between the body and the lacing, can be used to alter the tension by adjusting the positioning of the wedges
 * 84: The lacing at the lower end is attached to flange, carved from a solid block
 * 841: Lacing does not use a special device to stretch the cords
 * 842: The middle of the lacing has ribbons or cords tied crossways to increase the tension of the lacing (tension ligature)
 * 843: The lacing is zigzag, with every pair of strings attached to a ring or hoop (tension loop)
 * 844: Wedges, placed between the body and the lacing, can be used to alter the tension by adjusting the positioning of the wedges
 * 85: The lacing at the lower end is attached to a belt
 * 851: Lacing does not use a special device to stretch the cords
 * 852: The middle of the lacing has ribbons or cords tied crossways to increase the tension of the lacing (tension ligature)
 * 853: The lacing is zigzag, with every pair of strings attached to a ring or hoop (tension loop)
 * 854: Wedges, placed between the body and the lacing, can be used to alter the tension by adjusting the positioning of the wedges
 * 86: The lacing at the lower end is attached to pegs inserted in the body of the drum
 * 861: Lacing does not use a special device to stretch the cords
 * 862: The middle of the lacing has ribbons or cords tied crossways to increase the tension of the lacing (tension ligature)
 * 863: The lacing is zigzag, with every pair of strings attached to a ring or hoop (tension loop)
 * 864: Wedges, placed between the body and the lacing, can be used to alter the tension by adjusting the positioning of the wedges
 * 9: Membrane is bound to the body with a ring slipped on top of it
 * 91: Membrane is attached by a ring made of cord
 * 92: Membrane is attached by a ring made of a hoop
 * 921: Drum has no mechanism
 * 922: Drum has mechanism
 * 9221: Drum has no pedals
 * 9222: Drum has pedals