User:TWloveandhonor/sandbox

Marduk and Tiamat
In Coogan chapter 3, he discusses how the cosmos were formed in the Enûma Elish. He says that according to that source a god named Marduk took the body of another god, Tiamat, and formed the cosmos after an intense battle. On the Marduk wikipedia page, there is no mention of him specifically taking her body and forming the cosmos and constellations out of it, like Coogan says. For wikipedia: After the battle, Marduk took the body of Tiamat to form the cosmos and constellations.

User:TWloveandhonor, I believe that he wants us to write a separate sentence underneath of your argument kind of like " For Wikipedia: ". I hope that makes sense.Adrugby (talk) 20:44, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

Wife-sister edits
The wikipedia article does not fully discuss the origin of these narratives. It just points out that they seem to be variants of the same storyline. There should be a mention of how the origin of these narratives can't be determine. This is my suggested edit: "T.D. Alexander discusses how there can't be a clear answer to which source each of these three narrative derive from. There are many different theories but non can be proven to be flawless."

Mendenhall and the Israelite covenants
Covenants being the foundation of Israelite religion A.Oaths 1.Beginnings of a covenant 2.Binding legal contract 3.Early records (3rd millennium BC)

B.Hittite Empire Covenants 1.They did not create the idea of a covenant. They borrowed the idea from previous groups 2.Syria people were who they created many covenants with 3.Suzerainty agreements. Sovereign and his vassal make a mutual agreement.

C.Structure of the Covenant 1.“Oaths and bonds” was the phrase they used, not covenant 2.Six elements found in the Hittie treaty texts •Preamble- identifies the people/groups involved in the treaty •The historical prologue- Describes relationship between the two parties •The stipulations- The obligations that the vassal must agree to. This is where the ruler makes his rules for how the vassal will serve him. •Public reading- The treaty was read out loud to the public so they understood the agreement they all were obligated to obey. It also formed a bond between the other party and its king. •List of gods- gods from both parties religious beliefs were added into a contract as a binding incentive. •Punishment- If the treaty is broken, curses would be cast upon the vassal for going against the gods and his new alliance.

D.Israelite covenants 1.The Decalogue •Covenant between Moses and Yahweh •Israelites (the vassal) made an agreement to obey the stipulations set by Yahweh (the suzerain) •Ceremony that binds the agreement (Banquet, blood sacrifice, etc.) •Religious agreement, not political one •Yahweh has permission in the agreement to punish those who go against the treaty 2.Joshua 24 •Involves Joshua and Yahweh •Historical prologue and witnesses •Stipulation of not worshipping any other god

Weinfeld
A.Two types of covenants 1.Obligatory type a)Covenant made between God and Israel 2.Promissory b)Abrahamic and Davidic covenants •Abraham is promised land •David was given a dynasty c)The vassal is the beneficiary and the master has to honor the wishes on servant

B.Judicial documents 1.Political •Hittites made these types of agreements •Vassal obligation to the suzerain 2.Royal Grant •Protects the rights of the vassal because they were dedicated to the suzerain

C. Abraham and the legal agreement • Promised land to offspring •Marriage/adoption terminology •Promise of a dynasty D. Caleb and the grant agreement • Received land because he was faithful to God and served him

Mendenhall paragraph: the historical prologue
In a suzerain treaty, the second section of the written agreement was called the historical prologue. This section would outline the relationship the two groups had up until that point with historical detail and facts that are very beneficial to scholars today, such as theologian George Mendenhall who focuses on this type of covenant as it pertained to the Israelite traditions. The suzerain would document previous events in which they did a favor that benefitted the vassal. The purpose of this would show that the more powerful group was merciful and giving, therefore, the vassal should obey the stipulations that are presented in the treaty.It discusses the relationship between them as a personal relationship instead of a solely political one.

Weinfeld paragraph: obligatory treaties
A treaty is an agreement between two groups, one being of a higher power than the other. The suizerain, the masters, reaped the benefits of the agreement and the vassal, servants, would have the obligation to fulfill the stipulations that are presented in the treaty. If the treaty was broken for any reason, the blame was put on the servants and they were cursed, according to scholar M. Weinfeld. One group that is known for being the first to document this type of agreement was the Hittites. The purpose of this treaty was to ensure future loyalty and alliance of the vassal since the suzerain had previously done favors for them.

Trible and the unnamed woman
Throughout the horrific story in Judges dealing with the violent death of an unnamed concubine there are clues that show women were at a major disadvantage in this society. According to feminist writer Phyllis Trible the grammar used in the story shows how the woman was viewed as insignificant. She brings up, for example, how the man in the story is given a proper name but the woman is never given one; she is simple "a woman" (Judges 19:1). As Trible points out, "he is subject; she, object", therefore, even though the story revolves around her rape and death, the focus is still on the man and his actions/reactions (66). Even though she is the victim in the story, she is labeled with a pronoun instead of having an actual name leading to the conclusion she was not viewed as significant enough for one, according to Trible.

Hayes outline
A. Louis Epstein's explanations for the aversion to intermarriage in biblical law 1. There was a traditional od endogamy 2. Hostility towards outsiders 3. Religious differences 4. Different races that count "taint" blood lines 5. self-preservation B. Not all groups are banned from entering into an intermarriage union 1. The 7 Canaanite nations are directly mentioned 2. The ammonite and Moabite's are discussed by name. C. Ezra focused on Deuteronomy 1. Saw that priests have marital standards so the common person should too 2. God chose his people as pure and outsiders are not 3. Wanted protection of the holy seed D. The rationale that sides with the ban on intermarriage has two effects on the law 1. Makes all intermarriage illegal 2. Does not allow for marriage among anyone who does not have a direct bloodline to the group

Hayes Paraphrase
Deuteronomy discusses certain Gentiles groups that the Israelites should not enter into marriage with. Even though this book says specific groups, the book of Ezra prohibits all exogamy. According to Christine Hayes, Ezra is concerned about the holy seed being profaned since he believes God has chosen his people as being holy. Since anyone that is not inside of the chosen group is considered not holy, it would be sinful to marry and reproduce with them.

Koltun-Fromm paraphrase
Naomi Koltun-Fromm points out the difficulty in deciphering who/what is considered "holy", focusing on what Ezra believes. She focuses on purity and holiness and how it changes from one source to another. For example, she discusses in the P source that only the priests, God's name, and anything else related to the name or worship of God is considered holy by God himself. Therefore, only the priests are considered to be the people whom God has chosen to be special and set apart. But in source H, all of Israel is considered to be holy. She comes to the conclusion that there are three types of of holiness: Holiness ascribed, holiness achieved, and holiness from pure genetic lines.Holiness ascribed means that God declared something or someone to be holy and nothing can be holy without his say. Holiness achieved is earned through obeying the holy law and the divine rule. A person can work for their holiness instead of being born into it. The final type of holiness, supererogatory holiness, is achieved through semen purity.Ezra believes in holiness ascribed and that God has labeled all of Israel and its people as holy. Since he believes that anything outside of Israel is profane, he believes that it would cause impurity to marry with the unholy.