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Al-Idrisi
Al-Idrisi (also known by Al-Sharif Al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi) was a Geographer, writer, scientist and cartographer, who specialized in making maps. He was born in 1100, Ceuta Spain and died in Italy, 1165 .Al-Idrisi graduated from the University of Cordova and spent a lot of  years traveling significantly throughout Europe and North Africa. Many years ago there were no accurate maps and all of the countries, continents and waterways remained unknown, that is until the 12th century Al Idrisi stepped in and produced an atlas, showing most of Europe, Asia and Africa for the first time in history.

In 1145 C.E., al-Idrisi became an advisor to King Roger II of Sicily, and made an updated  map for the king. Over the course of nine years, he brought the material up to date by sending off travelers  to various points around the world, instructing them to make careful notes of what they saw. Using 400,000 Drachmas worth of silver, he then created multiple spheres, amalgamating one on the other, then sculpting and engraving it into a three-dimensional map of the world.

Al Idrisi measured the circumference of the globe, he calculated that it was 22,900 miles at the Equator, about 10% adrift from the modern figure. He also wrote about the hemispheres of the earth. Even before Al idrisi, many Muslim Arabs were commissioned by Caliph Al ma’mun to determine the earths circumference.

What made it special was that it showed the world in a way that was very accurate considering its time and how there were not satellites and advanced technologies. The map had lots of details about different parts of the world, like cities and rivers. And a unique feature is that it showed things like how people lived and what they believed (their religion) in different places. People back then thought it was really cool and it helped other mapmakers make better maps later on. This was a huge leap forward in geography and mapmaking, and it gave people a better understanding of the world, he paved a way for generations to come.

And his own experience, in 1154 he completed what became one of the most detailed geographical works created during the medieval period., interviewing thousands of travelers and producing 70 accurate maps. He gathered previous information from past authors. And his work contained extravagant information on the more remote parts of Asia and Africa. Many Muslims were inspired by him and began to make detailed measurements of the globe.

Sources

https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2021/08/the-islamic-world-map-of-1154/

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/al-idrisi/

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/al-idrisi#:~:text=A%20l-Idrisi%20%28also%20known%20by%20his%20short%20name,the%20most%20up-to-date%20world%20maps%20of%20his%20time.