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What countries have banned human cloning? What is Canada’s position on this issue?
The creation of a genetically identical copy (or clone) of a human is known as human cloning. Artificial human cloning, or the replication of human cells and tissue, is the most common use of the phrase. It does not relate to identical twins being conceived and delivered naturally. The prospect of human cloning has sparked debate.

The prospect of human cloning has sparked debate. As a result of these ethical concerns, numerous countries have passed laws governing the legality of human cloning. Therapeutic and reproductive cloning are two types of potential human cloning that are frequently explored. Therapeutic cloning entails cloning human cells for use in medicine and transplants; it is a hot topic in science right now, although it is not yet in use anywhere in the world as of July 2020. Somatic-cell nuclear transfer and pluripotent stem cell generation are two prevalent approaches of therapeutic cloning that are being studied. Reproductive cloning would involve making an entire cloned human, instead of just specific cells or tissues. Human_cloning

The United Nations General Assembly passed a nonbinding "Declaration on Human Cloning" on March 8, 2005, in which member states were urged to take "all measures required to outlaw all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life." http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~neal/temp/ST%20Policy/index/SCBooklet/World.pdf

Opinions and legislation are both varied. On these subjects, Europe is split. The majority of countries have passed legislation prohibiting reproductive and therapeutic cloning, including Germany, Austria, France, and the Netherlands. They are, however, in the unusual position of not going as far as countries like Italy, Ireland, Norway, and Denmark, which have all banned research on human embryonic stem cells. Belgium, Sweden, and Spain all allow therapeutic cloning and the use of human embryonic stem cells in similar ways to the UK, and public pressure is mounting in Germany and Italy to reassess their laws, while Ireland is already doing so.

In Asia, however, the situation is extremely different. Japan, China, Singapore, and South Korea all take the same method as the United Kingdom. India is enthusiastic about human embryonic stem cell research, as evidenced by a recent Indo-UK meeting organised by the Royal Society with the goal of fostering international collaborations in the field. However, therapeutic and reproductive cloning are still prohibited.

South America is split in the same way as Europe is. Ecuador prohibits both types of cloning and embryonic stem cell research; Brazil prohibits both types of cloning, but a new law allows and funds embryonic stem cell research; Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay prohibit both types of cloning, with legislation allowing or prohibiting embryonic stem cell research; and only Colombia permits therapeutic cloning as well as human embryonic stem cell research.

Only South Africa (embryonic stem cell research—yes; both types of cloning—no) and Tunisia (embryonic not specifically prohibited; both types of cloning—banned) have passed legislation on the continent of Africa.

For countries without national laws, we can get a sense of their opinions by looking at the failed attempts to reach an agreement at the European and international levels.A Patchwork of Laws

Where does Canada stand on Human Cloning?
In 1999, Montreal-based Nexia Biotechnologies reported that it had cloned triplet goats using the "Dolly procedure," making Canada's first animal clones. In 1997, British scientists used somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone that renowned ewe.

However, there is a significant distinction between cloning animals and cloning people. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC81259/

Policies and protections were recommended and implemented based on ethical, social, and economic considerations related to infertility therapy. In addition to evaluating the Commission's final report's recommendations, the government collaborated with health professionals, researchers, ethicists, and people who use or are considering utilising assisted human reproduction to start or expand their families to design its approach to infertility treatment. The result was the Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHR Act), which became law in March 2004.

Under section 5(1) and section 9 of the AHR Act, no person shall knowingly:

(a) create a human clone by using any technique, or transplant a human clone into a human being or into any non-human life form or artificial device;

"human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single – living or deceased – human being, fetus or embryo. (section 3 of the AHR Act).

Embryonic stem cell research is permitted, but reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning are banned. − Researchers can use an embryo from IVF if it is no longer needed for reproductive purposes and consent is given by the donor. Creating a human clone is restricted to improving or providing instruction in assisted reproduction procedures.

Any person in Canada who breaks the law under the AHR Act is committing a crime. If found guilty, the person could be fined up to $500,000 or jailed for up to ten years, or both.

As with any criminal act, if a person is actively helping or advising another person who has committed an offense under the AHR Act, the person giving the help could be considered an accomplice to the crime. This judgment would be based on the particular facts of the situation and the level of knowledge of the person giving the help. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/biologics-radiopharmaceuticals-genetic-therapies/legislation-guidelines/assisted-human-reproduction/prohibitions-scientific-research-clinical-applications.html