User:TaliaSanders06/Greenhouse millipede/Bibliography

You will be compiling your bibliography and creating an outline of the changes you will make in this sandbox.

Sources for characteristics and description of greenhouse millipede:

1.https://www.lsuagcenter.com/profiles/bneely/articles/page1590008694916

-Gives descriptions: The greenhouse millipede is blind and without eyes. As a result, it has to use its antennae as the sensory organ of maneuvering through its environment. They usually have legs that are white in appearance and a black/dark brown body.

2. Meg Marquardt. The Bug Encyclopedia. Encyclopedias, 2023. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=3205796.

This species survives optimally in greenhouses and are normally found in Asia, but will also find them in the Americas and Europe as an invasive species. When full grown they will have 60 legs and about 15 body segments, and when adults they are about 1 inch long.

3.https://www.aces.edu/blog/topics/lawn-garden/controlling-millipedes/

- The greenhouse millipede is also known as a garden millipede or a flat-back millipede. The greenhouse millipede posses a flat body and hard exoskeleton. They are also apart of a group called myriapods which is under the phylum arthropods. This makes them closely related to insects in spiders, but where greenhouse millipedes differ is they have two pairs of legs per segment while the others are found with six or eight legs.

Sources for Reproduction of the Greenhouse Millipede:


 * 1) https://bantam.earth/greenhouse-millipede-oxidus-gracilis/

- The greenhouse millipede reproduces sexually. When the millipede is about 6 to 7 months of age, it will reach physical maturity and be ready to mate. After mating, the females will usually lay anywhere between 40 to 50 eggs or fertilized larva. Females prefer to lay these larvae in moist soil. This environment provides optimal growing conditions for the fertilized eggs. The incubation period for this specific species of millipede is about 2-6 weeks. It is important to note that obviously the newly hatched “baby” millipede are not fully mature yet. They must undergo many molts before reaching adulthood.

2. https://www.popsci.com/story/science/glowing-millipede-mating/#:~:text=Researchers%20learned%20that%20the%20male's,two%20millipedes%20%E2%80%9Clock%E2%80%9D%20together.

- Much research into the mechanism of millipede reproduction has given scientists new perspectives on how male millipedes will fertilize the eggs of a female by use of the “lock and key” method. The males will use a specialized pair of legs to stabilize their body while he injects a small part of the gonopods into the female. Females will then secure the sperm internally by releasing a thick, sticky substance that seals the vulvae closed.

3. file:///Users/millie/Downloads/RIO_article_12249.pdf

Sources for habitat preferences of the greenhouse millipede:

1. https://www.lsuagcenter.com/profiles/bneely/articles/page1590008694916

- Greenhouse millipedes prefer moist habitats “such as flower beds and leaf piles.” They also require mineral-rich surfaces and some organic debris in order to thrive. They are found in tropical and temperate areas, especially within the United States. Some structures known to support greenhouse millipede populations include garages, basements, and greenhouses.

2. https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/garden-millipede

- Oxidus gracilis prefers moist, dark, and cool environments. They require organic matter, especially compost for breeding, and live among rotting logs or under stones. They are known to rapidly reproduce and invade nearby structures for shelter from the sun.

3. https://doi.org/10.2307/3493659

- Greenhouse millipedes have been observed to breed in the wild and disperse to nearby structures for shelter once the population has outgrown its habitat. The areas they breed in are overgrown and have ample decaying organic matter.

Outline of proposed changes
Currently, the article is lacking a section describing the habitat of the greenhouse milipede and their ideal living conditions. All of the sources listed above will be used to create and expand on that topic.