User:Tammy wang/sandbox

Under Websites---
There are websites that supply user-generated reviews. A hotel review website Ctrip had increased hotel bookings by 4.4% with 10% of improvement. Yelp is also a user-generated Websites like these created the world of e-WOM, which is a new form of oral communication between people. E-WOM has changed because there is no relation between two people except for the product or service they are engaged in. Since there is one database for all the reviews in one place, it is easier to search up a certain product or service within it.

Rewrite
Platforms such as YouTube have frequently been used as an instructional aide. Organizations such as the Khan Academy and the Green Brothers have used the platform to upload series of videos on topics such as math, science, and history to help aid viewers master or better understand the basics. Educational podcasts have also helped in teaching through an audio platform. Personal websites and messaging systems like Yahoo Messenger have also been used to transmit user-generated educational content. There have also been web forums where users give advice to each other.

Students can also manipulate digital images or video clips to their advantage and tag them with easy to find keywords then share them to friends and family worldwide. The category of "student performance content" has risen in the form of discussion boards and chat logs. Students could write reflective journals and diaries that may help others. The websites SparkNotes Shmoop both are used to summarize and analyze books so that they are more accessible to the reader.


 * Note: I cut out the specific information about the Khan Academy because it's not really pertinent to the article per se - it doesn't really matter as much when they started - what's more important is information about how educational materials are made available to the public.

Opportunities
There are many opportunities in user generated content. The advantages of UGC is it is a quick, easy way to reach to the masses. Here are some examples:


 * The companies could use social media for branding, and set up contests for the audience for their own creations.


 * The consumers and general audience members like to be engaging. Some have used a storytelling platform to both share and converse with others.
 * To raise awareness, whether it be for an organization, company, or event.
 * Gain perspectives from members that you wouldn't otherwise get to engage with.
 * Personalization of the content put out. 71% of consumers like personalized ads.

Legal
The ability for services to accept user-generated content opens up a number of legal concerns, from the more broader sense to specific local laws. In general, pinning down who committed the online crime is difficult because many use pseudonyms or remain anonymous. Sometimes it can be traced back but in the case of a public coffee shop, they have no way of pinpointing the exact user. There is also a problem with the issues surrounding extremely harmful but not legal acts. For example, the posting of content that instigates a person's suicide. It is a criminal offense if there is proof of "beyond reasonable doubt" but different situations may produce different outcomes. Depending on the country, there is certain laws that come with the Web 2.0.

The DMCA also has a section 512. It states that the service provider will not be liable if they do not have knowledge that the service is infringing but once they do they must remove it. This helps ISPs avoid the copyright that the users make. Youtube was a part of a billion dollar lawsuit in which Viacom sued them for stealing videos and gaining views. Youtube used the safe harbor and fair use in defense. In the UK, the Defamation Act of 1996 says that if a person is not the author, editor or publisher and did not know about the situation, they are not convicted. Furthermore, ISPs are not considered authors, editors, or publishers and they cannot have responsibility for people they have no "effective control" over. Just like the DMCA, once the ISP learns about the content, they must delete it immediately.

A study on the subject of Youtube was conducted in 2007. It was analyzing one of the Video On Demand systems. The length of the video had decreased by two-fold from the non-UGC content but they saw a fast production rate. The user behavior is what perpetuates the UGC. The act of P2P (Peer-to-Peer) was studied and saw a great benefit to the system. They also studies the impact of content aliasing, sharing of multiple copies, and illegal uploads.

Videos
One of the biggest video making platforms, Youtube