User:Tavleenbhatia/Global journalism

Article To-Do

 * 1) Add the following sections
 * 2) * Definitions
 * 3) * History
 * 4) *Examples
 * 5) Add images
 * 6) Add citations and references

Definitions
Peter Berglez conceptualizes global journalism into three categories of global space, global power, and global identity. Global space refers to considering the world as one, unified place where an event can occur in multiple parts of the world at the same time. Global power refers to how global journalism represents power in that it is creating power that is transnational and global, thus slowly degrading national powers that are confined within nation-states. Lastly, global identity refers to the representation of transnational identity that transcends national territories. To be more specific about how global identity occurs in the news media, Berglez further identifies three ways this could take place. Firstly, it would include the struggles of global identities. Secondly, through placing the public in a global context as unified global people. Lastly, through targeting similar identities across the globe.

Sarah Van Leuvn and Peter Berglez define the phenomena of global journalism occurring outside the field of traditional foreign news media. They note that global journalism can be defined in multiple ways, however in this context it relates to the broader fields of communication and media studies. They then go onto to defining it as a practice that assesses how events, stories etc. are interrelated in different parts of the world, which has occured due to globalization and digitization.

Kurysheva, Puiy, Litvinenko, Bykov, and Danilov, also emphasize the importance of conceptualizing the notion of global journalism as the practices are detached from the theory. They further go onto identifying four main aspects through which global journalism could be conceptualized- geographical, discursive, political and economic, and lastly, professional- in order to develop a deeper understanding of the concept. Firstly, the geographical aspect focuses on how the globality of the Internet has allowed for the free flow of information that transcends national boundaries and allows for citizens around the world to be informed about events that are not necessarily occurring within their national borders, thus establishing global journalism. Therefore, the geographical approach focuses on the system of global journalism. Secondly, the discursive aspect pinpoints the content and identifies the two basic forms. Thirdly, the political and economic aspect focus on the geopolitical features of global journalism. Lastly, the professional aspect examines how journalism transforms under the process of globalization.

Johan Lindell and Michael Karlsson define global journalism as journalism that sees the interrelationships between different parts of the world, and thus provide a "global outlook". In addition, they identify three principles for global journalism, or more specific the role that journalists would play in global journalism. First of all, journalists must become global agents of the global public sphere instead of a nation-state or local states. Secondly, journalists must prioritize the global public sphere, as in their audience are the citizens of the world. Lastly, journalists must promote a global outlook in opposition to a local or a national outlook.

Cottle defines global journalism as journalism that is founded on the bases of global interconnectivity, lack of boundaries, and mobility.

History
Firstly, to explain the history of global journalism, it must be established that global journalism is an emerging practice amongst the journalistic field that has much scope and several implications on the global public sphere. Considering this, it still is a fairly new notion that requires much needed conceptualization. In other words, global journalism is occurring at an unprecedented rate, yet academia and scholars lack not only the empirical evidence but also proper conceptualization of the term.

Some early instances of global journalism can be seen in the nineteenth century when the creation of international new agencies emerged. However the major instances can be seen since the 1980s, when the technological changes transformed the dissemination of news and political communications. In specific, the technological change of increased satellite capacity that allowed for the dissemination of news and information transnationally, thus establishing the seeds of global journalism. The transition from networks of 'relativity' to the networks of 'connectivity' created the notions of a global public sphere.

Examples
Since the conception of global journalism is still fairly new, exact and direct examples are hard to come by. Thus, the criteria of being considered as an example is to see which news media outlets and organizations consider the "global outlook" to some extent. In other words, since there are no established news media that solely report global journalism, there is an extent to what can be considered a direct example of global journalism. However, having noted that, the following news media outlets and organizations can be considered initial examples of global journalism.


 * CNN International (CNNI)- deliver a global outlook on financial reporting
 * BBC World- deliver a global outlook on financial reporting
 * Reuters- deliver a global outlook on financial reporting
 * Le Monde- although this is a national newspaper, it is found to deliver heavily on a global outlook
 * BBC’s World Service Television (BBC-WS-TV)- delivers programmes worldwide
 * Al Jazeera- transnational news channel for the Arab community
 * ZEE TV- transnational channel targeting the Indian community worldwide

In addition to these examples, Van Leuven and Berglez also find that there are studies that show the news content moving away from a national perspective to a global outlook. Moreover, Cottle also takes note of the trends of presenting global crises through a global outlook.