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= Vitex pinnata =

General Description


Trees up 2-15 meter tall; up to 40 cm in diameter (diameter breast height). Bark fissured, flaky, pale yellowish grey to brown; inner bark pale yellow becoming green on exposure; sapwood soft yellow to brown. Leaves 3- or 5-foliolate. Leaflets almost sessile, outer two usually much smaller than the others, ovate or elliptic, 3—25 cm long, 1.5—10 cm wide; base rounded to slightly wedge-shaped; apex acuminate; margin entire; secondary veins 10—20 pairs; Inflorescences terminal panicles; Flowers whitish blue. Fruits 5—8 mm in diameter; ripening black

Distribution


Indo-Malesia covered Borneo; Sabah, Serawak and all provinces of Kalimantan. Indonesia, North to India, Sri Lanka and Cambodia. In the Philippines this species is only known from the islands of Palawan, Culion and Tawi- Tawi

Vitex pinnata is native to south and south east Asia. It is known by a variety of local names, "Milla" in Ceylon,"laban" in Indonesia, "gulimpapa" in Sulawesi, "kyetyo po" in Myanmar, "leban" in Malaysia, "molave" in the Philippines, and "tinnok" in Thailand. It is a slow growing tree, growing up to 60 ft and 1 to 3 meter circumference. It has a grayish brownish white bark and leaves are scented.

Local Names
Indonesia: Kalimantan: Laban; Amola, Gagil, Humulawan, Kalapapa, Kulimpapa batu, Kulimpapa simpor, Kulumpapa, Laban daun menjari, Laben, Leban, Pagil. Sumba island: Hiketaroe; Komodo: Pampa; Sumatra: Kopiher (Karo language), Aloban-bátu, Aloban Kardoek or Aloban búnga. Malaysia: Bunyak laban.

Taxonomy
Vitex pinnata has many depreciated synonyms, including Vitex pubescens and Vitex arborea.

Ecology


Growing well usually in secondary forests, on riverbanks and along roads including in marginal land such as Imperata cylindrica area,. The species seemingly tolerates regular fires. In tropic condition such as in East Kalimantan, flowering and fruiting are almost all the time from January to December. The fruits are eaten by birds and seeds cannot germinate under the shade and need light to germinate

Uses
Vitex pinnata has a very strong and durable wood, it is durable even in contact with water or soil. It is a grayish brown in color. Density is about 930 kg per cubic metre (58 lbs per cubic foot). Wood is used for posts, door and window frames, sleepers and some furniture.

The wood is used for construction and the manufacture of knife handles. Leaves and bark are used to treat abdominal pain, fever and malaria.

Conservation status
Least concern.

Use in restoration
As a common, fast-growing, fire-tolerant species that can be regenerated easily from seed, Vitex pinnata has great potential in forest restoration throughout Southeast Asia.

Propagation


Vitex pinnata can be propagated by seeds, cuttings and wildlings. One kilogram seeds of Vitex pinnata are around 1100-1200 seeds.