User:Taylcis/Alice Hamilton

***Bold is what I have added to the article

*** references are in proper format in the reference section below

1.After her retirement from Harvard in 1935, Hamilton became a medical consultant to the U.S. Division of Labor Standards, and she maintained her connections at Harvard as professor emerita. Her last field survey, which was made in 1937–38, investigated the viscose rayon industry. In addition, Hamilton served as president of the National Consumers League from 1944 to 1949.

Peer Edit Comment: "It would be to see if there is a more to add about what she was able to do with her connections as an emeritus"

-Not much could be found on what her connections to Harvard helped her with later on. A professor emerita means a retired professor honored by her university for distinguished contributions to academia. So Dr. Alice Hamilton is still honored by Harvard for her contributions to academia.

2. Hamilton also faced discrimination as a woman. She was excluded from social activities, could not enter the Harvard Union, attend the Faculty Club, or receive a quota of football tickets. In addition, Hamilton was not allowed to march in the university's commencement ceremonies as the male faculty members did --> rerference added: https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_137.html

3. During her years at Hull House, Hamilton was active in the women's rights and peace movements'''. When World War I was starting she joined with other women activists to protest the war. She traveled to the Netherlands with Jane Addams and Emily Greene Balch, and about fifty other Americans, to the 1915''' International Congress of Women at The Hague, where they met Aletta Jacobs, a Dutch pacifist, feminist, and suffragist. '''More than 1,100 women from neutral and at-war nations attended than conference. Since few of the women possessed the right to vote, and those that were from belligerent nations risked prosecution as traitors, the participants had little sway. The meeting backed a call for the neutral nations to have a conference that would mediate between the opposing sides to endorse the creation of an international court, freedom of the seas and national self-determination, and a world organization of nation. Rediscovered historical footage shows Addams, Hamilton, and Jacobs before the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin on May 24, 1915, during a visit to Germany to meet government leaders.[citation needed] She also visited German-occupied Belgium.'''

(Found citation that was needed: https://womenvotepeace.com/women/alice-hamilton/) (see reference section below for reference format)

Hamilton returned to Europe with Addams in May 1919 to attend the second International Congress of Women at Zürich, Switzerland to attend a congress that condemned the Versailles Treaty thinking it would only create conflict amongst European ethnic groups which may lead to future wars. In addition, Hamilton, Addams, Jacobs, and American Quaker Carolena M. Wood became involved in a humanitarian mission to Germany to distribute food aid and investigate reports of famine.

'''Hamilton saw Belgium occupied during the war and saw parts of Europe that were ravaged and under a famine, and wrote of Belgium "under the heel of the conqueror." She noted in her autobiography that "since then I have in Soviet Russia and Hilter's Germany and have learned to accept without surprise the atmosphere of suspicion and of underlying fear...but then it was all so new as to be unbelievable." In 1919, after a tour of a defeated Germany left her with pictures of starvation in kindergartens and schools, hospitals, day camps for boys and girls, she wrote to her cousin Jessie Hamilton, "the stories of the starvation of children are bad enough, but, perhaps because I have never had children but did have Mother, that I feel even more the starvation of the old."'''

'''Hamilton never wavered in her attitude towards war, but after her visits for Germany and witnessing Nazi tyranny and anti-Semitism, she changed her view. In 1943, she wrote, "in the third year of this most terrible of all wars, I am among those who believe we are right in taking up arms on this side of the United Nations. As has so often happened to me, the change in my views has come slowly and almost unconsciously." Hamilton thought that staying out of the war now would mark America as selfish and would be bad for the nation's soul.'''

https://www.acs.org/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/alicehamilton.html

4.Industrial Toxicology (1934’ rev. 1949 with Harriet Hardy)

https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/resources/12773

5. Rediscovered historical footage shows Addams, Hamilton, and Jacobs before the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin on May 24, 1915, during a visit to Germany to meet government leaders.[citation needed]

The citation is --> https://womenvotepeace.com/women/alice-hamilton/ (see reference section below for reference format)

6. Hamilton began her long career in public health and workplace safety in 1910, when Illinois governor Charles S. Deneen appointed her as a medical investigator to the newly formed Illinois Commission on Occupational Diseases. Hamilton led the commission's investigations, which focused on industrial poisons such as lead and other toxins. '''Hamilton noted that this opportunity working on the Deneen Commission was "...pioneering, exploration of an unknown field. No young doctor nowadays can hope for work as exciting and rewarding. Everything I discovered was new and most of it was really valuable. I knew nothing of manufacturing processes, but I learned them on the spot, and before long every detail of the...production was familiar to me." Her formal education in research methods, bacteriology, and medicine, combined with her informal education in settlement (through the Hull House) and community work helped maker her the ideal person for leading the study of poisonous trades in Illinois.'''

'''Hamilton's knowledge and skills in sciences increased her credibility with state bureaucrats, industrialists, and workers. Her background with community outreach enhanced her comfort for entering workplaces. This assignment with the Deneen Commission led Hamilton to discover that the field of industrial hygiene, the awareness, the recognition, the assessment, and the control of workplace hazards, was the ideal discipline for addressing the "helplessness of the working class here in America."'''

She also authored the "Illinois Survey," the commission's report that documented its findings of industrial processes that exposed workers to lead poisoning and other illnesses. The commission's efforts resulted in the passage of the first workers' compensation laws in Illinois in 1911, in Indiana in 1915, and occupational disease laws in other states. The new laws required employers to take safety precautions to protect workers.

source: https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2014/04/28/alice-hamilton/