User:Tbronson16/sandbox

Childhood and education
(from Wiki) Low was born on March 23, 1920 in Lancaster, England to her parents, Matthew Low and Mary Jane Wharton. She undertook her tertiary education at Somerville College, Oxford, graduating with a bachelor's degree in chemistry 1943. (to add) That same year she began work under the biochemist Dorothy Hodgkin as a research assistant for the university’s department of chemical crystallography.

Career
(from Wiki) At Harvard, Low turned to topics she would continue in her later positions at Columbia University: the structure and composition of insulin and structural investigations into albumin crystals. (to add) During this time, she was one of the first scientists in the United States to conduct studies of X-ray diffraction of crystalline proteins in a laboratory setting.

Personal life
Low identified herself as a Quaker and valued humanitarian work. At Somerville, she studied the Polish language and considered pursuing post-war aid in Poland. During her three-year assistantship, her leftist ideologies created conflict with Margaret Roberts, another study of Hodgkins who would later become Baroness Thatcher and, eventually, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Her political views and affiliation with pro-world peace organizations rumored to have association with communist parties also created conflict with her standing as a U.S. citizen. Low was denied a U.S. visa until the 1950s, during which time she became a U.S. citizen. In 1950, Low also married Harvard historian Metchie J. E. Budka [pl].

Selected works

 * Works to add:
 * Deamino-Oxytocin and 1-γ-Mercaptobutyric Acid-Oxytocin: X-ray Crystallographic Data
 * Journal: Science New Series, Vol. 151, No. 3717 (Mar. 25, 1966), pp. 1552-1553 (2 pages)
 * Published by: American Association for the Advancement of Science
 * Link: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1718065?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=au%3A&searchText=%22Barbara+W.+Low%22&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Fsi%3D1%26amp%3BQuery%3Dau%253A%2522Barbara%2BW.%2BLow%2522&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_SYC-4946%2Fcontrol&refreqid=search%3Ad9fe154a5ef30eae321baf0faa65dd40&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
 * Citation: Low, B., & Celia C. H. Chen. (1966). Deamino-Oxytocin and 1-γ-Mercaptobutyric Acid-Oxytocin: X-ray Crystallographic Data. Science, 151(3717), 1552-1553. Retrieved March 10, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/1718065
 * Proinsulin: Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Diffraction Studies
 * Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Vol. 66, No. 4 (Aug. 15, 1970), pp. 1213-1219 (7 pages)
 * Published by: National Academy of Sciences
 * Link: https://www.jstor.org/stable/59942?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
 * Citation: Fullerton, W., Potter, R., & Low, B. (1970). Proinsulin: Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Diffraction Studies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 66(4), 1213-1219. Retrieved March 10, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/59942
 * Insulin-A Probable Gross Molecular Structure
 * Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Vol. 49, No. 1 (Jan. 15, 1963), pp. 74-81 (8 pages)
 * Published by: National Academy of Sciences
 * Link: https://www.jstor.org/stable/71651?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
 * Citation: Einstein, J., McGavin, A., & Low, B. (1963). Insulin-A Probable Gross Molecular Structure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 49(1), 74-81. Retrieved March 10, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/71651
 * Insulin-Gross Molecular Structure: Trial-and-Error Studies Using Transform and Patterson Function Techniques
 * Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Vol. 48, No. 12 (Dec. 15, 1962), pp. 2150-2157 (8 pages)
 * Published by: National Academy of Sciences
 * Link: https://www.jstor.org/stable/71573?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
 * Citation: McGavin, A., Einstein, J., & Low, B. (1962). Insulin-Gross Molecular Structure: Trial-and-Error Studies Using Transform and Patterson Function Techniques. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 48(12), 2150-2157. Retrieved March 10, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/71573
 * Prediction of α -helical Regions in Proteins of Known Sequence
 * Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Vol. 60, No. 4 (Aug. 15, 1968), pp. 1519-1526 (8 pages)
 * Published by: National Academy of Sciences
 * Link: https://www.jstor.org/stable/59075?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
 * Citation: Low, B., Lovell, F., & Rudko, A. (1968). Prediction of α -helical Regions in Proteins of Known Sequence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,60(4), 1519-1526. Retrieved March 10, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/59075
 * Three Dimensional Structure of Erabutoxin b Neurotoxic Protein: Inhibitor of Acetylcholine Receptor
 * Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Vol. 73, No. 9 (Sep., 1976), pp. 2991-2994 (4 pages)
 * Published by: National Academy of Sciences
 * Link: https://www.jstor.org/stable/65657?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
 * Citation: Low, B., Preston, H., Sato, A., Rosen, L., Searl, J., Rudko, A., & Richardson, J. (1976). Three Dimensional Structure of Erabutoxin b Neurotoxic Protein: Inhibitor of Acetylcholine Receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 73(9), 2991-2994. Retrieved March 10, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/65657

Reference Notes
This page from Columbia University's Irving Medical Center provides a brief background on Low's influence in the fields of molecular biochemistry and biophysics as well as her influence on the university. This source highlights her accomplishments at Colombia, including her role as a researcher and a mentor to her students. The article mentions her collaboration with other renowned women of science to explore molecular structure through the use of crystallized X-rays. It is noted that while there are not necessarily a lot of women working in the field of crystallography, this discipline was founded by women and created an atmosphere of female empowerment in the 1940s. Through her work, she and her colleague were able to discover the molecular structure of penicillin. By discovering its structure, penicillin was then able to be modified in various ways in order to create new forms of antibiotics.