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Tidal Farms
A tidal farm is a group of multiple tidal stream generators assembled in the same location used for production of electric power, [1] similar to that of a wind farm. The low-voltage power lines from the individual units are then connected to a substation, where the voltage is stepped up with the use of a transformer for distribution through a high voltage transmission system. Tidal energy has been used since Roman times. During this time ancient people would put their tidal mills in the water to harness energy by using the elevation change of the tide. The last few decades tidal power hasn’t been used due to its low efficiency and high environmental impact. Although in the late 1990s, tidal energy has gained attention again with a major change of the energy conversion technology. To make a great enough contribution many turbines must be grouped into large tidal farms to utilized the energy of high flows through narrow channels.

Why the need of Tidal Farm?
With global warming on the rise due to the combustion of fossil fuels emitting harmful gases like sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide and the finite amount of fossil fuels left, researchers are shifting their focus on renewable forms of energy for the world’s energy source. Renewable energy technologies are clean sources of energy that have a much lower environmental impact than conventional energy technologies.. Over the past century, human activities have released large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The majority of greenhouse gases come from burning fossil fuels to produce energy. To help reduce the carbon footprint, research of renewable energy has increased significantly.

How it is produced
It is produced through the use of tidal energy generators. These large underwater turbines are placed in areas with high tidal movements, and are designed to capture the kinetic motion of the ebbing and surging of ocean tides in order to produce electricity. Tidal power has great potential for future power and electricity generation because of the massive size of the oceans. Tidal power has great potential because of the amount of energy available in tides, big or Small Ocean what creates the available potential energy. It is the scale of the tides that provide potential. The scales of the tides are primarily due to the spin of the earth and gravitational pull of the moon and sun.) 	Tidal turbines capture the energy of the currents, as well as that of rivers, irrigation canals, dam tailraces, and possibly even ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream, in much the same manner that wind turbines transduce air currents.

Cost
A big issue with tidal farms is the cost. Researchers are optimizing the devices to reach the cost-effectiveness from an engineering point of view and to determine whether a turbine is worth investigating, the project developer usually uses the cost of energy to check the cost-effectiveness of a turbine or turbine farm. The cost of energy is defined as the ratio of the total cost to the total energy output over the lifetime of a turbine or farm. It can be estimated by using the following equation. Where levcoj and Energyj denote the levelized cost (present value of the total cost of building and operating a power plant over its economic lifetime) and the energy output in the year j, respectively

Environment:
The biggest issues with the operation of a tidal stream farms are the impact it may causes on the marine environment. The introduction of tidal stream turbines can have an effect to the changes in the hydrodynamic flow fields resulting from the extraction of energy. The water levels, tidal current could possibly be significantly altered with the introduction. This could lead to the possible loss of habitat and a change to the tidal regime. When planning the project of tidal farms field developments must take into account possible environmental impacts. Research on these possible effects was done by Reza Ahmadian and Roger Falconer what they found in their modal was that with the introduction of turbine farms it lowered the tidal range. Also changes in the inter-tidal zones were observed. This resulted in the creation of permanently wet and permanently dry locations in the initial inter-tidal areas which could lead to the destruction of the ecosystem and wild life habitation.

United Kingdom
The UK Government is committed to ambitious targets to reduce carbon emissions. The large tidal ranges in estuaries on the west coast of the UK make the deployment of tidal farms an attractive proposition, and repeated feasibility studies have been undertaken. The large quantity of electricity that could be generated by tidal farms makes them a particularly attractive renewable energy option. One of the highest profile possibilities for the utilisation of tidal power is the Severn estuary in southwest England, which, alone, could provide 5% of the UK's electricity requirements A tidal turbine is set to be installed as a trail for a future tidal energy farm in the River Thames. It could generate enough energy to power 35,000 homes.

France:
GDF SUEZ, a French multinational electric utility company, is set to build a 5.6MW tidal project, which will feature four turbines in the Alderney Race in France’s Manche Region. The construction of the farm is scheduled to being in 2017. The lifespan of this farm is expected to be 20 years. The turbines being used are the Oceade tidal streams which were built by Altstom. These turbines will be connected to each other using an underwater electrical junction box, making it possible to power Contention with just one cable. This technology was also developed by Alston.

Atlantis Resources Corp-
A Morgan Stanley maker or tidal turbines, raised 50 million pounds ($83 million) to start building the world’s largest tidal-stream power plant in Scottish waters. This Money was raised from the U.K.’s Department of Energy and Climate Change. The funds will be used to finance the installation of four 1.5-megawatts turbines in the Pentland first. The completion of this project will provided electricity for 175,000 homes and will create 100 green jobs. The first power is expected to be delivered to the grid by 2016.