User:Temmothy/California kingsnake

Description
'''Wild California kingsnakes are typically encountered at a length of 2.5-3.5 feet (76 - 107cm), though they can grow larger; California kingsnakes on Isla Ángel de la Guarda, Baja California, Mexico, have been documented growing to 78 inches (2 m). A wide range of color morphs exist in the wild; they are usually found with alternating dark and light bands ranging in color from black and white to brown and cream. Some populations may have longitudinal stripes instead of bands. ''' Most California kingsnakes live to be around ten to fifteen years old, even surpassing twenty if cared well for in captivity.

'''California kingsnakes stripes and bands are essential to their survival as the patterns camouflage the snakes body to hide from predators. Their predators include hawks, eagles, coyotes, skunks, foxes, bobcats, and other kingsnakes. '''

Range and habitat
'''The California kingsnake is widespread along the West Coast of North America to elevations of approximately 6,100 ft in the Tehachapi Mountains and to over 7,000 ft in the southeastern Sierra Nevada Mountains. This species lives in a wide variety of habitats, including woodland chaparral, grassland, deserts, marshes, and even suburban areas. They range across in Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, southwestern Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, and northwestern Mexico. ''' These snakes thrive in the temperatures between 80-84°F and a humidity around 35-60%. The optimal environment can differ depending on the biological state of the snake. For instance, during reproduction they prefer even warmer temperatures, and in the process of shedding, they prefer higher humidity. ' In Arizona, they intergrade with the desert kingsnake (Lampropeltis splendida) and the Mexican black kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula nigrita''). The species has also become invasive on the Spanish island of Gran Canaria. '''

Behavior
'''The California kingsnake is a cathemeral species of snake; they may be active day or night depending on ambient temperatures. ''' They lean towards diurnal behavior during cooler months, and become more nocturnal during hot summers.  During colder months they retreat underground and enter a hibernation-like state called brumation as a means of conserving energy and to regulate body temperatures during cold temperatures. Also in efforts to regulate body temperatures, California kingsnakes tend to burrow underneath vegetation or other coverings to cool down, and bask in the sun to increase their internal temperatures. . During brumation, California king snakes neither eat nor excrete feces, but they will occasionally awake to drink water. '''When disturbed, California kingsnakes will often coil their bodies to hide their heads, hiss, and rattle their tails, which can produce a sound somewhat resembling that of a rattlesnake.When they are nervous they tend to twitch their tails. They are considered harmless to humans, but if handled it is common for this species to bite, as well as excrete musk and fecal contents from their cloaca. It is also common for this musky odor to be excreted when the snake feels threatened.''' California kingsnakes are considered to be more solitary animals, but when mating season or brumation is in process, they will group together.

Two-headed California Kingsnake?
As if the urban legends of multi-headed reptiles came true, there has been a unique case of a two-headed California kingsnake raised to the age of seventeen at the Arizona State University reptile collection. They were born in the wild within the South Mountain until they were discovered and relocated to ASU. This mutation was most likely the case of failed cell division during the process of producing twin snakes. Thus the consequences were two heads born with one body. It may be a wonder how this snake functions with two separate heads, and it is observed that they do think separately with detached brains. In a way, it can be compared to being permanently attached to a sibling. If they were to have continued living in the wild, they wouldn't have survived because of a major issue with its eating process. They make have even ended up trying to swallow each other.

In captivity
'''The California kingsnake is one of the most popular pet reptiles due to its ease of care, attractive appearance and docile demeanor. Due to natural color and pattern variability between individual snakes, snake enthusiasts have selectively bred for a variety of color patterns known as "morphs". Wild-type California kingsnakes are technically illegal to sell without special permits in their home state of California. These increased restrictions are due to a law that prohibits sale of native California species within state lines; albino morphs are exempt from this law. The law is loosely enforced.'''

'''In the wild, kingsnakes are able to thermoregulate, migrating to warmer areas if needed due to their cold bloodedness. However, in captivity, kingsnakes are not able to freely change locations so most owners use heat lamps, heating pads, and regulate temperatures in their homes to ensure the health of the kingsnake. Temperatures between 70°F and 85°F are adequate for kingsnakes in captivity. '''