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~Currently doing report on Shock Therapy:(Any help on it would be greatly apreciated.) What I Have so far; (Im still have some exact quotes from wikipedia, which i am looking over to get them unplagerized)

SHOCK THERAPY

1. Describe the therapy (how it works, what it is based on). --The therapy uses seizures or physiopathological shock to try to dramatically change a persons mental state. It can be used to erase memory and create temporary illusions. A type of shock therapy, Electroconvulsive therapy,can be used to treat severe depression. TYPES: --malarial fever therapy -involves the inocculation of malarial protozoa into the bloodstream of patients, in order to provoke episodes of intense fever and unconsciousness, which are sometimes followed by convulsions. The method was discovered by an Austrian physician Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857-1940) in the 1910s, who got the Nobel Prize for his discovery. For a while, it was used for treating the general paresis of the insane, caused by tertiary syphilis. It is no longer used. --insulin shock therapy -involves injecting a patient with a large amount of insulin, which causes convulsions and coma by provoking brain hypoglycemia. It was discovered by Polish physician and researcher Manfred Sakel (1900-1957) in 1933 and was used well until the 1950s for the treatment of depression and psychosis. It is also rarely used. --metrazol shock therapy -involves injecting a patient with Metrazol (cardiazol), a drug that quickly induces powerful brain seizures. It was discovered by Hungarian physician and researcher Ladislas J. Meduna (1896-1964) in 1934. It was soon superseded by electroconvulsive therapy, because it was difficult to control and had many adverse effects. --electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) -involves inducing a grand mal seizure in a patient by passing an electrical current through the brain. It was discovered by Italian researchers Ugo Cerletti (1877-1963) and Lucio Bini (1908-1964). It is still in use today, albeit with restricted indications, such as usually untreatable depression or bipolar affective disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder or anxiety disorders. In these cases, it is considered a safe and effective procedure, when carried out under a clinical protocol which involves EEG monitoring, application of muscle blocking agents and general anesthesia or sedation.

2. When was the therapy developed and who developed it? --The therapy was noticed effective around 2000 years ago. In AD 47 Scribonius Largus used shock therapy to relieve headaches. Back then they used electric fish to provide the electric shock to patients. 3. Is the therapy still used today? --Yes, some of the forms of it are still used while some are not. Yes--insulin shock therapy(rarely) and electroconvulsive therapy No--malarial fever therapy and metrazol shock therapy

4. Is the therapy successful in curing/helping mental illness? --Yes,: -- Neurotransmitter theory. Shock works like anti-depressant medication, changing the way brain receptors receive important mood-related chemicals, such as serotonin and dopamine and norepinephrine.

-- Anti-convulsant theory. Shock-induced seizures teach the brain to resist seizures. This effort to inhibit seizures dampens abnormally active brain circuits, stabilizing mood.

-- Neuroendocrine theory. The seizure causes the hypothalamus, part of the brain that regulates water balance and body temperature, to release chemicals that cause changes throughout the body. The seizure may release a neuropeptide that regulates mood.

-- Brain damage theory. Shock damages the brain, causing memory loss and disorientation that creates a temporary illusion that problems are gone. Shock supporters strongly dispute the theory, advanced by psychiatrist Peter Breggin and other shock critics. "Not only hasn't the Breggin brain damage theory been proven, it's been disproven," says shock researcher Harold Sackheim of Columbia University.

5. What is the average cost of the therapy? --The price of ECT can range from $300 to over $1,000.

6. Are any of Freud's theories used in this therapy? --No, it was invented way before Freud's time.

7. Who typically uses this type of therapy (children, women, men, adults, emotionally-disturbed, ect...)? --It can be for almost anybody, its now used for mostly women.

8. How do you feel about this therapy, and therapy in general? Do you think it works? Did it work for you? I feel that this therapy is good for some people, while not others. It has many mental and physical health risks. With other therapies you usally dont have a chance of getting electricuted, while its slim in ECT it is sill there. Therapy in general is not the solution to everyones problems. It can make people more unconfortable about what the subject is, and mentally unstable people can react violently to it. For most people therapy works for them, while some people it has no effect or worsens the problem even more. I went through therapy for a while when I was younger. Some things like, socializing, I became better in and I was able to talk to more people more often. But in showing my feelings and emotions, I became more private with them. It is rare that I show my emotions, not that I dont know how, but that I feel unconfortable showing them. I am able to read what other people display alot better than I was able to along time ago. I do not go to therapy anymore, for a reason I never found out.

9. Do you feel medication is a better alternative to other types of therapy? Why or why not? No, I think this therapy is better than medications. For one thing, I dont even think there is a med that can make you forget things, and even if there is than i assume that it would be very dangerous to us.

10. Include an introduction, conclusion, and bibliography.

INTRODUCTION Shock therapy, founded almost 2000 years ago (but using very different methods than we use today). CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.Shock therapy. 11/15/2002-3/9/2006.3/24/06 . 2.ECT: HOW SHOCK THERAPY WORKS. Dennis Cauchon 12/6/1995-3/24/2006 . 3.SHOCK THERAPY...IT'S BACK. 9/24/1996. 3/24/06 Pat

Any help on it would be greatly apreciated.

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