User:Tensekengoku/Direkte en Indirekte (Direct and Indirect in Afrikaans)

Direct speech: These are words that someone speaks directly e.g

Afr: Die seun het gesê: "Ek het die hond gister al gebad.

Eng:The boy said: "I bathed the dog yesterday."

Indirect speech: This occurs when direct speech is retold, e.g.

Afr:Die seun het gesê dat hy die hond die vorige dag al gebad het.

Eng:The boy said that he had bathed the dog the previous day.

There are certain rules when converting the direct to indirect speech:


 * Use the conjunctions "dat"(that) or "word"(to) after the introductory verb of the main sentence:


 * Jaco sê: "Ons moet opskud." → Jaco sê dat hulle moet opskud.
 * Jaco says, "We have to hurry." → Jaco says they should hurry up.
 * - "dat"("that") may also be omitted:
 * Jaco sê: "Ons moet opskud." → Jaco sê hulle moet opskud.
 * Jaco says, "We have to hurry." → Jaco says they should hurry.


 * Punctuation marks: Remove the colon after the introductory verb, as well as both pairs of quotes. Question marks and exclamation points are omitted in the indirect reason, but the feeling they convey is described in words, e.g:


 * "Eina! Ek het my vinger vasgeknyp!" skree Rikus. → Rikus het in pyn uitgeroep dat hy sy vinger vasgeknyp het.
 * "Eina! I pinched my finger!" cried Rikus. → Rikus exclaimed in pain that he had pinched his finger.


 * In question sentences, the (voorsetsel) preposition "for" is optional and can be omitted:


 * Niel asks, "Jonette, what time are you guys leaving?" → Jaco asks Jonette what time they are leaving./Jaco asks Jonette what time they are leaving


 * In some cases, the (voegwoorde) conjunction "that" may be omitted:


 * Die verkeersman sê: "Hou dadelik hier oorkant stil, Jana!" → Die verkeersman beveel Jana om dadelik daar oorkant stil te hou.
 * The traffic police says, "Stop here right away, Jana!" → The traffic officer orders Jana to stop on the opposite side of the road.


 * Questions that begin words like where(waar), how(hoe), what(wat) and who(wie) do not need another conjunction.


 * Hanneke het gevra: "Waar haal ons vanaand die bus?" → Hanneke het gevra waar hulle daardie aand die bus sou haal.
 * Hanneke asked, "Where do we get the bus tonight?" → Hanneke asked where they would get the bus that night.


 * Some adverbs(bywoorde) and pronouns(voornaamwoorde) change:


 * ek(I), jy(you) →hy( he),sy (she)
 * ons (we),julle (you) → hulle (they)
 * myne (mine),joune (yours) →syne(his), hare (hers)
 * hier (here) →daar (there)
 * hierdie (this) →daardie (that)
 * gister (yesterday) → die vorige (the previous day)
 * eergister (day before yesterday) → twee dae tevore(two day ago)
 * nou (now) →toe (then)
 * môre (tomorrow) → die volgende dag (the next day)
 * oormôre (day after tomorrow) → twee dae later (two days before)
 * verlede (past) → die vorige (the previous)
 * vandag (today)→ daardie dag (that day)
 * vandeesweek, vandeesmaand (this week, this month) →daardie week, daardie maand (that week, that month)
 * vanjaar (this year) → daardie jaar (that year)